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Fertilizer management in smallholder cocoa farms of Indonesia under variable climate and market prices

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  • Hoffmann, Munir P.
  • Cock, James
  • Samson, Marianne
  • Janetski, Noel
  • Janetski, Kate
  • Rötter, Reimund P.
  • Fisher, Myles
  • Oberthür, Thomas

Abstract

Cocoa yields on the smallholder farms of Sulawesi are <500 kg/ha, yet, attainable yields are substantially higher. Seventy-three on farm trials were established in Sulawesi, Indonesia, to determine how farmers could optimize their fertilizer management considering both, factors under their control and factors beyond their control, such as the weather. The farmers, who were divided into four groups, had all been trained in Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). Two inorganic fertilizer regimes were compared on the farms that were all supposed to be using GAP. The trials for each group were run for 2 years, with different groups monitored over distinct periods with varying weather conditions, over a 4-year period from 2013 to 2016. Striking variations in farmer yields within groups under similar conditions were attributed to unexpectedly large variations in management. The percentage increase in yield due to fertilizer application was about 34% across all management levels and weather conditions, but the absolute yield increase was greater when weather conditions and management were favorable. Net financial returns to fertilizer applications in years with unfavorable weather and farms with poor management were negative.

Suggested Citation

  • Hoffmann, Munir P. & Cock, James & Samson, Marianne & Janetski, Noel & Janetski, Kate & Rötter, Reimund P. & Fisher, Myles & Oberthür, Thomas, 2020. "Fertilizer management in smallholder cocoa farms of Indonesia under variable climate and market prices," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:178:y:2020:i:c:s0308521x18301665
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102759
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Regina Nuzzo, 2014. "Scientific method: Statistical errors," Nature, Nature, vol. 506(7487), pages 150-152, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hanna Tkachuk & Igor Burachek & Svitlana Biriuchenko & Kateryna Buzhymska & Volodymyr Vyhovskyi, 2022. "Management of agribusiness enterprises to ensure the sustainability of their economic activity," RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 0(2), pages 305-321.
    2. Abdulai, Issaka & Hoffmann, Munir P. & Jassogne, Laurence & Asare, Richard & Graefe, Sophie & Tao, Hsiao-Hang & Muilerman, Sander & Vaast, Philippe & Van Asten, Piet & Läderach, Peter & Rötter, Reimun, 2020. "Variations in yield gaps of smallholder cocoa systems and the main determining factors along a climate gradient in Ghana," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    3. Fiorella Picchioni & Geoffrey P. Warren & Smilja Lambert & Kelvin Balcombe & J. Steve Robinson & Chittur Srinivasan & Leonardo D. Gomez & Laura Faas & Nicholas J. Westwood & Afroditi Chatzifragkou & D, 2020. "Valorisation of Natural Resources and the Need for Economic and Sustainability Assessment: The Case of Cocoa Pod Husk in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Asante, Paulina A. & Rahn, Eric & Zuidema, Pieter A. & Rozendaal, Danaё M.A. & van der Baan, Maris E.G. & Läderach, Peter & Asare, Richard & Cryer, Nicholas C. & Anten, Niels P.R., 2022. "The cocoa yield gap in Ghana: A quantification and an analysis of factors that could narrow the gap," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    5. Aryo Adhi Condro & Yudi Setiawan & Lilik Budi Prasetyo & Rahmat Pramulya & Lasriama Siahaan, 2020. "Retrieving the National Main Commodity Maps in Indonesia Based on High-Resolution Remotely Sensed Data Using Cloud Computing Platform," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Natalia Trusova & Petro Makarenko & Tetiana Popova & Nataliia Pochernina & Yuliia Karas, 2022. "Implementing the resource potential sustainability of small-scale agricultural entities in cooperative associations of Ukraine," RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 0(2), pages 323-345.
    7. Lihua Ma & Jiupai Ni & Luuk Fleskens & Han Wang & Yunqing Xuan, 2021. "Modelling Fertilizer Use in Relation to Farmers’ Household Characteristics in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-17, May.

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