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Energy, Urbanization, and Sustainability Indicators: Empirical Data from Kazakhstan

Author

Listed:
  • Arsen Tleppayev

    (Kazakh German University, Almaty, Pushkin str. 111, 050010, Kazakhstan,)

  • Saule Zeinolla

    (Narxoz University, Almaty, Zhandosov str. 55, 050035, Kazakhstan)

  • Saltanat Abishova

    (University of International Business, Almaty, Abay av. 8A, 050010, Kazakhstan.)

  • Gulden Baibussinova

    (Esil University, Zhubanov str. 7, 020000, Astana, Kazakhstan.)

Abstract

The sustainable strategies are required by integrating energy, urbanization and environmental factors for sustainable development-maximizing human well-being in the current time without depriving future generations to meet their needs. This paper intends to identify the short-run and long-run causal relationship between Kazakhstan s sustainability indicators (CO2 emissions and solid waste), urbanization, economic development, and energy. Time-series data for the years 1990 to 2021 have been used in the paper; the data have been derived from the World Bank database. The methodology of this paper applies the Vector Error Correction Model based on the various econometric techniques such as Panel UnitRoot Test, Granger Causality Test, Johansen Cointegration Test. The results of the Granger Causality Test confirms that a causal relationship has CO2 emissions from GDP, waste from population as share of urban population and a weak dependence on energy consumption, but on the contrary CO2 emissions affect energy consumption and a similar interrelation of urbanization with CO2 emissions. The empirical finding of Johansen Cointegration Test indicates that there is evidence that, in the long term, both urbanization and energy consumption contribute to CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan and in addition, the results demonstrate that urbanization contribute to energy consumption (it statistically significant as its absolute t-value is 3.89 >2). Results of Vector Error Correction Model confirm that explanatory variables are statistically significant in the long run. Therefore, policies are required to reduce the effects of urbanization by boosting public instruments to preserve environmental quality and use more energy in sustainable manner. In addition, regulations for energy conservation are required across all industries, but particularly in the transportation and energy sector. These policies must also promote and maximize the use of alternative energy sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Arsen Tleppayev & Saule Zeinolla & Saltanat Abishova & Gulden Baibussinova, 2023. "Energy, Urbanization, and Sustainability Indicators: Empirical Data from Kazakhstan," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 154-163, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-01-20
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy consumption; urbanization; carbon emissions; empirical data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • P18 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Energy; Environment
    • P28 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Natural Resources; Environment
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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