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Trade Openness, Industrialization, Urbanization and Pollution Emissions in GCC countries: A Way Towards Green and Circular Economies

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  • Haider Mahmood

    (Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 173 Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.)

Abstract

The GCC countries are moving toward circular and green economies in their long-run visions. This transformation is accelerating the industrialization, urbanization, economic growth, and Trade Openness (TO) in the region. This present study examines the effects of these economic indicators on pollution emissions in the GCC panel from 1980-2019 using panel techniques. We found the environmental Kuznets curve. Moreover, TO is helping reduce CO2 emissions. Hence, economic growth and TO are helping the GCC region to follow the track of green and circular economies. In short run, TO also reduces emissions. Industrialization and urbanization accelerate emissions in long run. Thus, both indicators have environmental consequences in the GCC region in the long run. However, these indicators could not harm the in short run. To follow the track of green and circular economies, the study recommends increasing trade openness in the region and imposing carbon taxes on industrialization and urbanization to reduce their environmental consequences.

Suggested Citation

  • Haider Mahmood, 2022. "Trade Openness, Industrialization, Urbanization and Pollution Emissions in GCC countries: A Way Towards Green and Circular Economies," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(2), pages 309-314, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2022-02-34
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Al-mulali, Usama & Lee, Janice Y.M., 2013. "Estimating the impact of the financial development on energy consumption: Evidence from the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 215-221.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jawaher Binsuwadan & Ghadda Yousif & Hiyam Abdulrahim & Hind Alofaysan, 2023. "The Role of the Circular Economy in Fostering Sustainable Economic Growth in the GCC," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Trade Openness; Industrialization; Urbanization; CO2 Emissions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • P25 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics

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