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The Relationship among Real Gross Domestic Product, CO2 Emissions, and Energy use in South Caucasus and Turkey

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  • Cosimo Magazzino

    (Department of Political Sciences, Roma Tre University, Italian Economic Association (SIE), Royal Economic Society (RES), Via G. Chiabrera 199, 00145, Rome (RM), Italy.)

Abstract

The paper analyses the relationship among real gross domestic product (GDP), CO2 emissions and energy use in South Caucasus countries and Turkey over the 1992-2013 years. Results of unit root tests show that all variables are integrated of order one. In general, cointegration tests with breaks suggest the presence of a long-run relationship between these variables. Causality results suggest that conservation hypothesis holds for Armenia; while, for Azerbaijan and Georgia, we reached mixed results, since both feedback hypothesis and growth hypothesis received support by empirical findings. Finally, no evidence of causality emerges for Turkey, in favour of neutrality hypothesis. Therefore, the relevant policy implication of the study is that a common energy policy strategy would not be pursued by these countries, given the different causality links emerged in the area.

Suggested Citation

  • Cosimo Magazzino, 2016. "The Relationship among Real Gross Domestic Product, CO2 Emissions, and Energy use in South Caucasus and Turkey," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 6(4), pages 672-683.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2016-04-03
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Muhammad Qayyum & Yuyuan Yu & Mir Muhammad Nizamani & Saqlain Raza & Minhaj Ali & Shijie Li, 2023. "Financial Instability and CO2 Emissions in India: Evidence from ARDL Bound Testing Approach," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(4), pages 808-829, June.
    3. Kong-Qing Li & Ran Lu & Rui-Wen Chu & Dou-Dou Ma & Li-Qun Zhu, 2018. "Trends and Driving Forces of Carbon Emissions from Energy Consumption: A Case Study of Nanjing, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, November.
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    6. Yaşar Turna, 2021. "Development of Import-Based Exports in Turkey: The ARDL Approach," Istanbul Business Research, Istanbul University Business School, vol. 50(1), pages 1-14, May.
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    9. Muhammad Noshab Hussain & Zaiyang Li & Shaohua Yang, 2023. "Heterogeneous effects of urbanization and environment Kuznets curve hypothesis in Africa," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(2), pages 317-333, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gross Domestic Product; CO2 Emissions; Energy Use; South-Caucasus; Turkey; Time-series;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B22 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Macroeconomics
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • N55 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Asia including Middle East
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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