IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ebl/ecbull/eb-20-00807.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Credit rating levels and acquisitions: the European evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Magnus Blomkvist

    (Audencia Business School - Nantes)

  • Johannes Kortekangas

    (Hanken School of Economics, Gasum)

  • Hitesh Vyas

    (Audencia Business School - Nantes)

Abstract

This study examines the impact of credit rating levels on acquisitions in Europe. In line with a financial constraints explanation, we find that improving the credit rating level by one notch increases the acquisition likelihood by 1.87pp or 8.1% (from baseline estimates). As the rating level further increases, firms begin to forego acquisition opportunities resulting in an inverse U-shaped relation between credit rating levels and acquisitions. The pattern is consistent with that high rated firms manage their credit rating levels by mitigating acquisition-induced downgrades. Overall, our results imply that European managers give relevance to their credit rating and that higher ratings relaxes financial constraints facilitating acquisitions.

Suggested Citation

  • Magnus Blomkvist & Johannes Kortekangas & Hitesh Vyas, 2021. "Credit rating levels and acquisitions: the European evidence," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 41(2), pages 222-233.
  • Handle: RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-20-00807
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.accessecon.com/Pubs/EB/2021/Volume41/EB-21-V41-I2-P21.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marina Martynova & Luc Renneboog, 2011. "The Performance of the European Market for Corporate Control: Evidence from the Fifth Takeover Wave," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 17(2), pages 208-259, March.
    2. Ľuboš Pástor & Robert F. Stambaugh & Lucian A. Taylor, 2017. "Do Funds Make More When They Trade More?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 72(4), pages 1483-1528, August.
    3. Landschoot, Astrid Van, 2008. "Determinants of yield spread dynamics: Euro versus US dollar corporate bonds," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2597-2605, December.
    4. Emily Oster, 2019. "Unobservable Selection and Coefficient Stability: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(2), pages 187-204, April.
    5. Martynova, Marina & Renneboog, Luc, 2009. "What determines the financing decision in corporate takeovers: Cost of capital, agency problems, or the means of payment?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 290-315, June.
    6. Michael Faulkender & Mitchell A. Petersen, 2006. "Does the Source of Capital Affect Capital Structure?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 19(1), pages 45-79.
    7. Morellec, Erwan & Zhdanov, Alexei, 2008. "Financing and takeovers," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(3), pages 556-581, March.
    8. La Porta, Rafael & Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes & Andrei Shleifer & Robert W. Vishny, 1997. "Legal Determinants of External Finance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(3), pages 1131-1150, July.
    9. Magnus Blomkvist & Teemu Friman & Timo Korkeamäki, 2018. "Bond market access and acquisitions: empirical evidence from the European market," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(6), pages 478-498, April.
    10. Jensen, Michael C, 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 323-329, May.
    11. Karampatsas, Nikolaos & Petmezas, Dimitris & Travlos, Nickolaos G., 2014. "Credit ratings and the choice of payment method in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 474-493.
    12. Harford, Jarrad & Klasa, Sandy & Walcott, Nathan, 2009. "Do firms have leverage targets? Evidence from acquisitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 1-14, July.
    13. May, Anthony D., 2010. "The impact of bond rating changes on corporate bond prices: New evidence from the over-the-counter market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2822-2836, November.
    14. Kee‐Hong Bae & Vidhan K. Goyal, 2009. "Creditor Rights, Enforcement, and Bank Loans," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(2), pages 823-860, April.
    15. Aysun Alp, 2013. "Structural Shifts in Credit Rating Standards," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(6), pages 2435-2470, December.
    16. Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R., 2001. "The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2-3), pages 187-243, May.
    17. Magnus Blomkvist & Teemu Friman & Timo Korkeamäki, 2018. "Bond market access and acquisitions: empirical evidence from the European market," Post-Print hal-01738677, HAL.
    18. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June.
    19. Harford, Jarrad & Uysal, Vahap B., 2014. "Bond market access and investment," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(2), pages 147-163.
    20. Jarrad Harford, 1999. "Corporate Cash Reserves and Acquisitions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(6), pages 1969-1997, December.
    21. Uysal, Vahap B., 2011. "Deviation from the target capital structure and acquisition choices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(3), pages 602-620.
    22. Drobetz, Wolfgang & Momtaz, Paul P., 2020. "Corporate governance convergence in the European M&A market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Magnus Blomkvist & Johannes Kortekangas & Hitesh Vyas, 2021. "Credit Rating Levels and Acquisitions: The European Evidence," Post-Print hal-03196701, HAL.
    2. Blomkvist, Magnus & Felixson, Karl & Liljeblom, Eva & Vyas, Hitesh & Basnet, Anup, 2024. "The acquisition motive of newly credit rated firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Aktas, Nihat & Petmezas, Dimitris & Servaes, Henri & Karampatsas, Nikolaos, 2021. "Credit ratings and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    4. Alexandridis, George & Chen, Zhong & Zeng, Yeqin, 2021. "Financial hedging and corporate investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Blomkvist, Magnus & Felixson, Karl & Löflund, Anders & Vyas, Hitesh, 2022. "Strategic underleveraging and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    6. Alexandridis, George & Antypas, Nikolaos & Gulnur, Arman & Visvikis, Ilias, 2020. "Corporate financial leverage and M&As choices: Evidence from the shipping industry," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Harford, Jarrad & Uysal, Vahap B., 2014. "Bond market access and investment," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(2), pages 147-163.
    8. Attaoui, Sami & Cao, Wenbin & Six, Pierre, 2021. "Capital structure and the optimal payment methods in acquisitions," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    9. Merkoulova, Yulia & Zivanovic, Branislav, 2022. "Financial constraints and financing sources in mergers and acquisitions," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    10. Gregory, Alan & O'Donohoe, Sheila, 2014. "Do cross border and domestic acquisitions differ? Evidence from the acquisition of UK targets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 61-69.
    11. Mavis, Christos P. & McNamee, Nathan P. & Petmezas, Dimitris & Travlos, Nickolaos G., 2020. "Selling to buy: Asset sales and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    12. Hasan, Iftekhar & Huang, He & To, Thomas Y., 2021. "Are credit rating disagreements priced in the M&A market?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    13. Yousry Ahmed & Tamer Elshandidy, 2021. "Effect of leverage deviation on choices and outcomes of public versus non‐public acquisitions," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 3436-3459, July.
    14. Henry Agyei-Boapeah, 2017. "Easing Financing and M&A Investment Constraints: The Role of Corporate Industrial Diversification," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 18(2), pages 277-290, November.
    15. Sergey Tsyplakov, 2019. "Can Post-Merger Integration Costs and Synergy Delays Explain Leverage Dynamics of Mergers?," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(04), pages 1-36, December.
    16. Karampatsas, Nikolaos & Petmezas, Dimitris & Travlos, Nickolaos G., 2014. "Credit ratings and the choice of payment method in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 474-493.
    17. Mario Fischer, 2015. "Challenging the payment effect in bank-financed takeovers," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 347-376, October.
    18. Fischer, Mario, 2017. "The source of financing in mergers and acquisitions," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 227-239.
    19. Huang, Qianqian & Jiang, Feng & Wu, Szu-Yin (Jennifer), 2018. "Does short-maturity debt discipline managers? Evidence from cash-rich firms' acquisition decisions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 133-154.
    20. Field, Laura Casares & Mkrtchyan, Anahit & Wang, Yuan, 2022. "Bond liquidity and investment," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mergers and acquisitions; Credit ratings; Financial constraints;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-20-00807. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: John P. Conley (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.