Coasts Shaped With Environment Policies After 1970 And The Use Of Coastal Cities

Cities which have a coast and maritime watercourses are preferred locations as they are open to development. Therefore, coastal cities are used as ports as they are superior in terms of transportation and infrastructure facilities and because they have easier labor force and provided connection with land through the road network parallel to water. The study area Düzce-Akçakoca coastal city was once the door for the peripheral cities of Central Anatolia which opens to Istanbul as it features a port, but in time by remaining under pressure of urbanization it lost its functional feature with the development of roads perpendicular to the coast. Following the environmental movement in 1970, it is re-organized through operations which comply with public use based on the principle of "protection and development of economic, ecological, natural and cultural characteristics of the coasts" brought within the scope of Coastal legislation law. Generally in this study, the environmental issues arising from urbanization and transportation oriented use of the coastal city examples from our country and from the world including Düzce Akçakoca are reflected and the environmental policies after 1970 are addressed.