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Apertura Comercial Y Su Efecto En El Empleo De Un País En Vía De Desarrollo: El Caso Peruano

Author

Listed:
  • BRAVO-AMBROCIO, Linda
  • BALLENA, Víctor

Abstract

El propósito de este estudio es determinar si el proceso de apertura comercial de Perú del 2008 al 2019 ha influido en la demanda laboral conforme a las expectativas de la teoría neoclásica. Considerando las particularidades de Perú, se anticiparía que: 1) el empleo se incrementaría debido al auge de la producción y al aumento en la intensidad laboral, 2) habría una redistribución de recursos desde sectores menos competitivos hacia aquellos donde Perú tiene ventajas comparativas, y 3) se esperaría una mayor generación de empleo en sectores que requieran predominantemente mano de obra no especializada. Utilizando datos del BCRP y Planilla electrónica, se observó que desde 2008 hasta 2019, se produjo un crecimiento tanto de las exportaciones como de las importaciones, con efectos sobre la demanda y la oferta de la producción peruana. Sin embargo, en ciertas áreas manufactureras, en especial aquellas destinadas a la exportación, se notó una mayor correlación entre producto y empleo. La redistribución laboral entre sectores se hizo evidente debido a un crecimiento en la producción de bienes que demandan trabajo. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the trade liberalization process that Peru began around 2008 has influenced labor demand in line with the expectations of neoclassical theory. Considering Peru's specificities, it would be anticipated that: 1) employment would increase due to the rise in production and the surge in labor intensity, 2) there would be a redistribution of resources from less competitive sectors to those where Peru has comparative advantages, and 3) there would be a higher generation of employment in sectors predominantly requiring unskilled labor. Using data from the BCRP and Electronic Payroll, it was observed that from 2008 to 2019, there was an increase both of exports and imports with their effects on the production. However, in certain manufacturing areas, especially those aimed at exportation, a stronger correlation between product and employment was noticed. The labor redistribution among sectors became evident due to an increase in the production of goods demanding labor.

Suggested Citation

  • BRAVO-AMBROCIO, Linda & BALLENA, Víctor, 2024. "Apertura Comercial Y Su Efecto En El Empleo De Un País En Vía De Desarrollo: El Caso Peruano," Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 24(1), pages 129-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:eaa:eerese:v:24:y2024:i:1_8
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