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Wärmemonitor Deutschland 2014: rückläufiger Energiebedarf und lange Sanierungszyklen

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  • Claus Michelsen

Abstract

For the German government to meet its energy and climate policy objectives, major energy savings need to be made in heating residential buildings in the medium and long term. As a result, DIW Berlin and the energy service provider ista Deutschland GmbH have developed the Heat Monitor Germany. This yearly report draws on a comprehensive data basis comprising the annual heating energy bills of apartment blocks in Germany. A further decline in heating energy consumption was seen in 2014. At the same time, in contrast to previous years, triggered by a reduction in energy prices, heating costs also fell considerably. Developments vary from region to region in Germany, which is partly due to the different construction and refurbishment cycles. Statistical estimates show that a complete refurbishment cycle lasts approximately 75 years — substantially longer than is generally assumed in engineering studies. For this reason, optimum use should be made of the existing potential for energy efficiency increases of any pending refurbishment. In buildings that have already been refurbished, it is possible to tap into additional energy-saving potential through low-cost investment opportunities. Finally, ensuring that consumers are well informed about heating costs and energy consumption is key to meeting Germany’s policy objectives. Um die energie- und klimapolitischen Ziele der Bundesregierung zu erreichen, müssen im Bereich der Raumwärme mittel- und langfristig große Energieeinsparungen erzielt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund erhebt das DIW Berlin gemeinsam mit der ista Deutschland GmbH jährlich den sogenannten Wärmemonitor, der auf einem umfangreichen Datenbestand von jährlichen Heizenergieabrechnungen von Mehrfamilienhäusern in Deutschland basiert. Im Jahr 2014 ist der Heizenergiebedarf weiter gesunken. Dabei kam es, bedingt durch gesunkene Energiepreise, im Gegensatz zu den vorherigen Jahren auch zu einer erheblichen Reduktion der Heizkosten. Die Entwicklungen in den Regionen sind heterogen, was auch in regional unterschiedlich verlaufenden Bau- und Sanierungszyklen begründet ist. Statistische Schätzungen deuten darauf hin, dass ein vollständiger Sanierungszyklus ungefähr ein Dreivierteljahrhundert dauert – deutlich länger, als in ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Studien allgemein angenommen wird. Auch daher sollten bei den anstehenden Sanierungen bereits heute die vorhandenen Effizienzsteigerungspotenziale bestmöglich ausgenutzt werden. In bereits sanierten Gebäuden können durch geringinvestive Maßnahmen weitere Energieeinsparpotenziale erschlossen werden. Nicht zuletzt ist eine gute Information der Verbraucher über Heizkosten und Energieverbrauch ein wichtiger Schlüssel für das Erreichen der politischen Ziele.

Suggested Citation

  • Claus Michelsen, 2015. "Wärmemonitor Deutschland 2014: rückläufiger Energiebedarf und lange Sanierungszyklen," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(41), pages 920-931.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-41-3
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Multi-family buildings; energy efficiency; residential heating demand; refurbishment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets
    • Q21 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General

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