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Geteilte politische Kultur auch 25 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung?

Author

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  • Felix Arnold
  • Ronny Freier
  • Martin Kroh

Abstract

In 1990, during reunification, West German democratic institutions and the existing political party system were expanded to the East German states. Even after 25 years, the people of eastern and western Germany still differ in their political engagement and attitudes. However, these differences do not apply across the board by any means. A detailed analysis of survey data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study shows that differences both in terms of general interest and active participation in politics cannot be identified statistically in many years. By contrast, there are considerable differences between eastern and western Germany in terms of party attachments and actual turnout in national and state elections. The gap in turnout at national elections is not only evident over the years but is also clearly recognizable across all age groups. There are also still distinct differences in the political party systems of eastern and western Germany. In particular, the Left (Die Linke) plays a major role in eastern Germany but despite some electoral successes in some state parliaments, this party has not been able to establish itself to the same extent in the former West German states. What is more, according to our data, individuals’ attitudes to the welfare state in the two parts of the country, which differed significantly at the beginning of the 1990s, have certainly converged since. Im Jahr 1990 wurden im Zuge der Wiedervereinigung die westdeutschen demokratischen Institutionen und das bestehende Parteiensystem auf die ostdeutschen Bundesländer ausgeweitet. Auch 25 Jahre danach unterscheiden sich die Menschen in Ost- und Westdeutschland weiterhin in ihrem politischen Engagement und ihren politischen Einstellungen. Allerdings lassen sich diese Unterschiede keinesfalls pauschalieren. Eine differenzierte Analyse von Befragungsdaten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigt, dass Unterschiede sowohl im allgemeinen Politikinteresse als auch bezüglich der aktiven Teilnahme an der Politik in vielen Jahren statistisch nicht nachweisbar sind. Dagegen zeigen sich bei der Parteiverbundenheit und in der tatsächlichen Wahlbeteiligung im Bund und den Ländern starke, persistente Unterschiede zwischen Ost und West. Die Lücke in der Wahlbeteiligung bei Bundestagswahlen ist nicht nur seit Jahren auszumachen, sie ist auch über alle Altersgruppen hinweg deutlich erkennbar. Auch das Parteiensystem unterscheidet sich noch recht deutlich zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere in der starken Rolle der Linken in Ostdeutschland, die sich trotz einiger Wahlerfolge in westdeutschen Parlamenten in den alten Bundesländern nicht vergleichbar etablieren konnten. Bei den Einstellungen der Bürger zum Sozialstaat, die zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre deutlich unterschiedlich ausfielen, lässt sich in unseren Daten aber durchaus eine Angleichung von Ost und West feststellen.

Suggested Citation

  • Felix Arnold & Ronny Freier & Martin Kroh, 2015. "Geteilte politische Kultur auch 25 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung?," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(37), pages 803-814.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-37-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Blesse, Sebastian & Heinemann, Friedrich, 2020. "Citizens’ trade-offs in state merger decisions: Evidence from a randomized survey experiment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 438-471.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reunification; political participation and attitudes; turnout;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions

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