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Die Tücken des Zinseszinseffekts: Privatanleger unterschätzen Verlustrisiken bei Finanzprodukten

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  • Christian Zankiewicz

Abstract

People are investing their life savings in financial products, for instance, to provide for their retirement, and in doing so they are making their future financial situation almost entirely dependent on the success of these investments. The financial sector promotes numerous investment opportunities with widely varying levels of risk - from the classic private pension insurance to high-risk equity funds. To assist investors in selecting a product suitable for them and to safeguard against financial losses, policy-makers have prescribed standardized and comprehensible product leaflets and consulting protocols. But is that enough? In order to prevent investors from making poor investment decisions, they also need sufficient knowledge of the financial issues, which, for example, allow them to accurately assess the effects of compound interest on an investment and the risk of loss. This seems to be the problem area, as indicated by the results of a behavioral experiment conducted by DIW Berlin in cooperation with Humboldt-University Berlin: most of the participants chosen misunderstood the effect of compound interest - and therefore seriously underestimated the investment risk. Legen Menschen ihre Ersparnisse in Finanzprodukte an, etwa um für ihr Alter vorzusorgen, machen sie davon in nicht unerheblichem Ausmaß ihre künftige finanzielle Lebenslage abhängig. Die Finanzbranche bewirbt zahlreiche und hinsichtlich ihres Verlustrisikos stark variierende Anlagemöglichkeiten - von der klassischen privaten Rentenversicherung bis hin zum hochriskanten Aktienfonds. Um die Anleger bei der Auswahl eines für sie geeigneten Produkts zu unterstützen und vor finanziellen Schäden zu bewahren, hat die Politik standardisierte und verständliche Produktinformationsblätter und Beratungsprotokolle vorgeschrieben. Doch reicht das aus? Damit Anleger ihr Geld nicht fehlinvestieren, benötigen sie nämlich auch ausreichende Kenntnisse bei Finanzthemen, die es ihnen beispielsweise erlauben, die Wirkungen des Zinseszinses und das Verlustrisiko einer Anlage korrekt einzuschätzen. An dieser Stelle scheint es zu hapern, wie die Ergebnisse eines Verhaltensexperiments des DIW Berlin in Kooperation mit der Humboldt-Universität Berlin vermuten lassen: Die ausgewählten Teilnehmer haben den Zinseszinseffekt mehrheitlich missverstanden - und das Anlagerisiko folglich massiv unterschätzt.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Zankiewicz, 2014. "Die Tücken des Zinseszinseffekts: Privatanleger unterschätzen Verlustrisiken bei Finanzprodukten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(9), pages 166-171.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-9-3
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Behavioral economics; irrational expectations; binomial tree;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C91 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
    • D3 - Microeconomics - - Distribution
    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services

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