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Klimaschutz durch Biokohle in der deutschen Landwirtschaft: Potentiale und Kosten

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  • Isabel Teichmann

Abstract

In recent years, there has been much discussion about biochar - a carbonaceous product of heating biomass - as a promising technique for mitigating climate change. In particular, this method has the potential to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the long term by incorporating biochar into the soil while enhancing soil fertility at the same time. A research project conducted by DIW Berlin calculates the greenhouse gas mitigation potential and possible costs of using biochar in German agriculture. According to this study, approximately one percent of the greenhouse gas reduction target for 2030 could be met using biochar, but largely at a cost of over a hundred euros per tonne of CO2. With this technique, however, the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is limited by the availability of biomass. The possible agricultural benefits of biochar in the form of enhanced soil fertility could improve the greenhouse gas reduction potential and costs. This may be of particular relevance in tropical and subtropical regions. Seit einigen Jahren wird Biokohle - ein kohlenstoffreiches Produkt aus Biomasse - als eine viel versprechende Klimaschutzoption diskutiert. Insbesondere besteht die Möglichkeit, der Atmosphäre langfristig Kohlenstoffdioxid zu entziehen, indem Biokohle in den Boden eingearbeitet wird. Gleichzeitig könnte dadurch die Bodenfruchtbarkeit erhöht werden. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurden am DIW Berlin mögliche Potentiale und Kosten der Treibhausgasvermeidung durch einen Einsatz von Biokohle in der deutschen Landwirtschaft berechnet. Demnach könnte durch Biokohle ungefähr ein Prozent des für 2030 angestrebten Treibhausgasreduktionsziels erreicht werden, dies jedoch größtenteils zu Kosten von über hundert Euro pro Tonne CO2. Dabei sind die Potentiale zur Treibhausgasvermeidung durch die Verfügbarkeit der Biomasse beschränkt. Der mögliche landwirtschaftliche Zusatznutzen der Biokohle in Form von erhöhter Bodenfruchtbarkeit könnte ihre Treibhausgasvermeidungspotentiale und -kosten verbessern. Dies dürfte in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen besonders relevant sein.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel Teichmann, 2014. "Klimaschutz durch Biokohle in der deutschen Landwirtschaft: Potentiale und Kosten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(1/2), pages 3-13.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-1-1
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    File URL: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.434583.de/14-1-1.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Isabel Teichmann & Claudia Kemfert, 2014. "Biokohle in der Landwirtschaft als Klimaretter?," DIW Roundup: Politik im Fokus 47, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    2. Cecilia Roxanne Geier & Enno Bahrs & Christian Sponagel, 2023. "Derivation and Evaluation of a Business Model to Promote Carbon Farming That Generates Valid Carbon Removal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-30, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Biochar; Soil Carbon Sequestration; Climate Change; Agriculture;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
    • Q24 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Land
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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