Author
Listed:
- Michael Heine
- Hansjörg Herr
Abstract
Starting in 2021 in Germany and the European Monetary Union (EMU) as well a cost-driven inflation wave developed which was caused by increasing energy costs and food prices as well as distortions in global value chains. In case the strong inflationary wave leads to a wage-price spiral an inflationary dynamic is triggered which in the end forces the central bank to restrictive monetary policy and a stabilisation crisis with high economic costs. Comparable price shocks existed in the 1970s. At that time wage-price spirals could not be avoided. It came to monetary policy reactions and two costly recessions. In spite of real wage cuts after 2021 in Germany and the EMU nominal wages should increase according to the target inflation rate of the European Central Bank and trend productivity development. Recommendable is, in addition, a social contract between trade unions, employers’ associations and government with stronger wage increases for low-wage earners, government social policy and fiscal policy which compensates for the falling aggregate real demand caused by real income decreases. In Deutschland und der Europäischen Währungsunion (EWU) entwickelte sich ab 2021 eine kostengetriebene Inflationswelle, die von steigenden Energiekosten und Nahrungsmittelpreisen sowie Störungen in globalen Wertschöpfungsketten vorangetrieben wird. Führt der kräftige Preisniveauschub zu einer Lohn-Preis-Spirale, dann entsteht eine inflationäre Dynamik, die letztlich von der Geldpolitik mit hohen Kosten in Form einer Stabilisierungskrise bekämpft werden muss. Solche exogenen Preisschocks gab es auch in den 1970er Jahren. Lohn-Preis-Spiralen konnten damals in vielen Ländern nicht verhindert werden, und es kam zu zwei kostspieligen Rezessionen. In Deutschland und der EWU sollte Nominallöhne zukünftig trotz der Reallohneinbußen nach 2021 entsprechend der Zielinflationsrate und Entwicklung der Trendproduktivität ansteigen. Empfehlenswert ist zudem ein Sozialvertrag zwischen Gewerkschaften, Arbeitgeberverbänden und Staat mit stärkeren Lohnerhöhungen der unteren Einkommensbezieher, staatlicher Sozialpolitik und Fiskalpolitik, welche den inländischen realen Nachfrageausfall durch Absenkung der Realeinkommen kompensiert.
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Keywords
Stagflation;
wage-price spiral;
monetary policy;
All these keywords.
JEL classification:
- J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
- E64 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
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