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Organization and Financing of Innovation, and the Choice between Corporate and Independent Venture Capital

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  • Fulghieri, Paolo
  • Sevilir, Merih

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of competition on the optimal organization and financing structures in innovation-intensive industries. We show that as an optimal response to competition, firms may choose external organization structures established in collaboration with specialized start-ups where they provide start-up financing from their own resources. As the intensity of the competition to innovate increases, firms move from internal to external organization of projects to increase the speed of product innovation and to obtain a competitive advantage with respect to rival firms in their industry. We also show that as the level of competition increases, firms provide a higher level of financing for externally organized projects in the form of corporate venture capital (CVC). Our results help explain the emergence of organization and financing arrangements such as CVC and strategic alliances, where large established firms organize their projects in collaboration with external specialized firms and provide financing for externally organized projects from their own internal resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Fulghieri, Paolo & Sevilir, Merih, 2009. "Organization and Financing of Innovation, and the Choice between Corporate and Independent Venture Capital," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(6), pages 1291-1321, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:44:y:2009:i:06:p:1291-1321_99
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    Cited by:

    1. Keongtae Kim & Anandasivam Gopal & Gerard Hoberg, 2016. "Does Product Market Competition Drive CVC Investment? Evidence from the U.S. IT Industry," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 27(2), pages 259-281, June.
    2. Ramana Nanda & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, 2016. "Financing Entrepreneurial Experimentation," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(1), pages 1-23.
    3. Patrick Herbst & Uwe Walz, 2017. "The Design of Vertical R&D Collaborations," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 84(333), pages 54-77, January.
    4. Jeon, Euiju & Maula, Markku, 2022. "Progress toward understanding tensions in corporate venture capital: A systematic review," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(4).
    5. Rin, Marco Da & Hellmann, Thomas & Puri, Manju, 2013. "A Survey of Venture Capital Research," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 573-648, Elsevier.
    6. Ramana Nanda & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, 2012. "Innovation Policies," Harvard Business School Working Papers 13-038, Harvard Business School, revised Mar 2017.
    7. Kai Li & Jiaping Qiu & Jin Wang, 2019. "Technology Conglomeration, Strategic Alliances, and Corporate Innovation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(11), pages 5065-5090, November.
    8. Kang Hyunsung D, 2018. "A Start-Up’s R&D Stages and the Evolution of Financing Sources: Evidence from the Biotechnology Industry," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19, July.
    9. Kou, Mingting & Yang, Yuanqi & Chen, Kaihua, 2020. "The impact of external R&D financing on innovation process from a supply-demand perspective," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 375-387.
    10. (Jennifer) Wu, Szu-Yin & Chung, Kee H., 2019. "Corporate innovation, likelihood to be acquired, and takeover premiums," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    11. Beshears, John, 2013. "The performance of corporate alliances: Evidence from oil and gas drilling in the Gulf of Mexico," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(2), pages 324-346.
    12. Habib, Michel A. & Mella-Barral, Pierre, 2013. "Skills, core capabilities, and the choice between merging, allying, and trading assets," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 31-48.
    13. Ramana Nanda & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, 2013. "Innovation and the Financial Guillotine," NBER Working Papers 19379, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Gordon M. Phillips & Alexei Zhdanov, 2013. "R&D and the Incentives from Merger and Acquisition Activity," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 26(1), pages 34-78.
    15. Li, Yuchen & Meng, Jiayin & Zhou, Ruifan & Wang, Ying, 2024. "Does governmental venture capital (GVC) advance green innovation? Big data evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 772-788.
    16. Massimo G. Colombo & Samuele Murtinu, 2017. "Venture Capital Investments in Europe and Portfolio Firms' Economic Performance: Independent Versus Corporate Investors," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 35-66, February.
    17. Rossi, Matteo & Chouaibi, Jamel & Graziano, Domenico & Festa, Giuseppe, 2022. "Corporate venture capitalists as entrepreneurial knowledge accelerators in global innovation ecosystems," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 512-523.
    18. Dirk Hackbarth & Richmond Mathews & David Robinson, 2014. "Capital Structure, Product Market Dynamics, and the Boundaries of the Firm," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(12), pages 2971-2993, December.
    19. Kaufmann, Mattheo & Schiereck, Dirk, 2023. "Acquiring for innovation: Evidence from the U.S. technology industry," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    20. Hellmann, Thomas & Schure, Paul & Vo, Dan H., 2021. "Angels and venture capitalists: Substitutes or complements?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 454-478.
    21. Cole, Rebel & Cumming, Douglas & Li, Dan, 2016. "Do banks or VCs spur small firm growth?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 60-72.
    22. Gao, Tingfan & Wang, Shixun & Chen, Baizhu & Yang, Lihong, 2024. "The impact of big tech corporate venture capital investments on innovation: Evidence from the equity investment market," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    23. Lin Zhang & Xueyong Zhang, 2022. "The foreign experience and investment performance of venture capitalists," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(S1), pages 1675-1714, April.
    24. Bayar, Onur & Chemmanur, Thomas J. & Liu, Mark H., 2011. "A theory of equity carve-outs and negative stub values under heterogeneous beliefs," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 616-638, June.
    25. Annalisa Croce & Elisa Ughetto, 2019. "The role of venture quality and investor reputation in the switching phenomenon to different types of venture capitalists," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 46(2), pages 191-227, June.

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