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Composite Measures for the Evaluation of Investment Performance

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  • Ang, James S.
  • Chua, Jess H.

Abstract

The composite measures of investment performance: the reward-to-variability index, by Sharpe ([29], [30]) and Lintner [23], and the reward-to-volatility index, by Treynor [33], were developed after Markowitz ([24], [25]) and Tobin [32] popularized the mean-variance framework of analyzing the problems of certain investments. Since these are ex ante measures they are not directly applicable to the evaluation of ex post performance. A theoretical basis for doing so has been provided by Jensen ([17], [18]) who also developed another composite performance measure, the predictability index. In practice, these composite measures have been found to have problems. Foremost, they have been observed to exhibit systematic biases. Various causes of the biases have been proposed. These are: the existence of unequal lending and borrowing rates, the failure to consider higher moments of return distributions, and the elusive “true” holding period.

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  • Ang, James S. & Chua, Jess H., 1979. "Composite Measures for the Evaluation of Investment Performance," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(2), pages 361-384, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:14:y:1979:i:02:p:361-384_00
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    1. Rui Pedro Brito & Hélder Sebastião & Pedro Godinho, 2015. "Efficient Skewness/Semivariance Portfolios," GEMF Working Papers 2015-05, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra.
    2. Yochanan Shachmurove, "undated". "Portfolio Analysis of Latin American Stock Markets," Penn CARESS Working Papers 33820afad90814b2158b0366c, Penn Economics Department.
    3. George G. Kaufman, 1980. "Duration, Planning Period, And Tests Of The Capital Asset Pricing Model," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 3(1), pages 1-9, March.
    4. López, Raquel & Esparcia, Carlos, 2021. "Analysis of the performance of volatility-based trading strategies on scheduled news announcement days: An international equity market perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 32-54.
    5. Brandouy, Olivier & Briec, Walter & Kerstens, Kristiaan & Van de Woestyne, Ignace, 2010. "Portfolio performance gauging in discrete time using a Luenberger productivity indicator," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1899-1910, August.
    6. Ayub, Usman & Shah, Syed Zulfiqar Ali & Abbas, Qaisar, 2015. "Robust analysis for downside risk in portfolio management for a volatile stock market," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 86-96.
    7. Rui Pedro Brito & Hélder Sebastião & Pedro Godinho, 2016. "Efficient skewness/semivariance portfolios," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 17(5), pages 331-346, September.
    8. Vukovic, Darko & Lapshina, Kseniya A. & Maiti, Moinak, 2019. "European Monetary Union bond market dynamics: Pre & post crisis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 369-380.
    9. David Moreno & Paulina Marco & Ignacio Olmeda, 2005. "Risk forecasting models and optimal portfolio selection," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(11), pages 1267-1281.
    10. Adam Borovička, 2022. "Stock portfolio selection under unstable uncertainty via fuzzy mean-semivariance model," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 30(2), pages 595-616, June.
    11. Cumova, Denisa & Nawrocki, David, 2011. "A symmetric LPM model for heuristic mean-semivariance analysis," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 217-236, May.
    12. Antonella Basso & Stefania Funari, 2005. "Performance evaluation of ethical mutual funds in slump periods," GE, Growth, Math methods 0511001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Beach, Steven L., 2011. "Semivariance decomposition of country-level returns," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 607-623, October.
    14. Moreno, David & Rodríguez, Rosa, 2009. "The value of coskewness in mutual fund performance evaluation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1664-1676, September.
    15. Basso, Antonella & Funari, Stefania, 2001. "A data envelopment analysis approach to measure the mutual fund performance," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 135(3), pages 477-492, December.
    16. Anna E. Olkova, 2017. "Mutual Funds Performance Assessment Techniques: Comparative Analysis," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 3, pages 85-95, June.
    17. J. Francisco Rubio & Neal Maroney & M. Kabir Hassan, 2018. "Can Efficiency of Returns Be Considered as a Pricing Factor?," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 52(1), pages 25-54, June.
    18. Jack W. Wilson & Charles P. Jones, 1981. "The Relationship Between Performance And Risk: Whence The Bias?," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 4(2), pages 103-107, June.
    19. Massimiliano Caporin & Grégory M. Jannin & Francesco Lisi & Bertrand B. Maillet, 2014. "A Survey On The Four Families Of Performance Measures," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 917-942, December.
    20. Madiha Kazmi & Umara Noreen & Imran Abbas Jadoon & Attayah Shafique, 2021. "Downside Beta and Downside Gamma: In Search for a Better Capital Asset Pricing Model," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-14, December.
    21. Chun-Hao Chang & Brice Dupoyet & Arun Prakash, 2008. "Effect of intervalling and skewness on portfolio selection in developed and developing markets," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(21), pages 1697-1707.
    22. Valeri Zakamouline & Steen Koekebakker, 2009. "A Generalisation of the Mean†Variance Analysis," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 15(5), pages 934-970, November.
    23. Jose Arreola Hernandez & Sang Hoon Kang & Seong‐Min Yoon, 2022. "Nonlinear spillover and portfolio allocation characteristics of energy equity sectors: Evidence from the United States and Canada," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 1-33, February.
    24. Moreno, David, 2008. "The value of coskewness in evaluating mutual funds," DEE - Working Papers. Business Economics. WB wb087616, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía de la Empresa.
    25. A Basso & S Funari, 2003. "Measuring the performance of ethical mutual funds: a DEA approach," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 54(5), pages 521-531, May.

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