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Taming the Global Financial Cycle: Central Banks as Shock Absorbers in the First Era of Globalization

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  • Bazot, Guillaume
  • Monnet, Eric
  • Morys, Matthias

Abstract

The Classical Gold Standard period, with high capital mobility and fixed-exchange rates, is usually seen as the extreme case of international constraints on monetary policy. Contrary to this view, we show how central bank balance sheets offset the effects of international shocks on domestic interest rates. In contrast, in the United States, a gold standard country without a central bank, the reaction of money market rates was two to four times stronger than that of interest rates in countries with a central bank. Our study is based on the monthly balance sheets of all central banks in the world (i.e., 21) from 1891–1913.

Suggested Citation

  • Bazot, Guillaume & Monnet, Eric & Morys, Matthias, 2022. "Taming the Global Financial Cycle: Central Banks as Shock Absorbers in the First Era of Globalization," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 82(3), pages 801-839, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jechis:v:82:y:2022:i:3:p:801-839_6
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    Cited by:

    1. Paolo Di Martino & Fabio C. Bagliano, 2022. "A dissonant violin in the international orchestra? Discount rate policy in Italy (1894-1913)," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 682 JEL Classification: N, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
    2. Cezar, Rafael & Monnet, Eric, 2023. "Capital controls and foreign reserves against external shocks: Combined or alone?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. Adam Brzezinski & Nuno Palma & François R. Velde, 2024. "Understanding Money Using Historical Evidence," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 16(1), pages 571-595, August.
    4. Michael D. Bordo & William Roberds, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies, an Old Tale With a New Chapter," NBER Working Papers 30709, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Michael D. Bordo & William Roberds, 2024. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: An Old Tale with a New Chapter," Working Papers 323, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    6. Yu, Zhen & Liu, Wei & Yang, Fuyu, 2023. "A central bankers’ sentiment index of global financial cycle," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).

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