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The Decline in Southern Agricultural Output, 1860–1880

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  • Brinkley, Garland L.

Abstract

Per capita agricultural output sharply declined in the “Confederate States” between 1860 and 1880. This article asserts that the decline in agricultural output was partially the result of increased disease (hookworm) brought about by substandard living conditions suffered by the Southern population during the Civil War. Skeletal remains and mortality data, ubiquitous hookworm symptoms among the Southern population, and regression analysis support this hypothesis. The econometric results strongly suggest that emancipation and increased hookworm infection were responsible for the income decline while an increase in the percentage of sharecropping tenancy arrangements increased southern productivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Brinkley, Garland L., 1997. "The Decline in Southern Agricultural Output, 1860–1880," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 57(1), pages 116-138, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jechis:v:57:y:1997:i:01:p:116-138_01
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    Cited by:

    1. Margo S. Stringfield, 2021. "“Sacred to the Hart”*: Identity and Dignity as Reflected in the Memorial Landscapes of Postemancipation African Americans in Pensacola, Florida," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(3), pages 1056-1073, May.
    2. Madsen, Jakob B., 2016. "Barriers to Prosperity: Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, IQ, and Economic Development," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 172-187.
    3. Martin A. Garrett & Zhenhui Xu, 2003. "The Efficiency of Sharecropping: Evidence from the Postbellum South," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 69(3), pages 578-595, January.
    4. Morgan, Horatio M., 2024. "An Integrative Institutional Framework on the Canada-U.S. Business Performance Gap," MPRA Paper 119739, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Scott A. Carson, 2020. "Body Mass, Nutrition, and Disease: Current Net Nutrition during US Economic Development," CESifo Working Paper Series 8464, CESifo.
    6. Kitchens, Carl, 2013. "The effects of the Works Progress Administration's anti-malaria programs in Georgia 1932–1947," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 567-581.
    7. Payal Hathi & Sabrina Haque & Lovey Pant & Diane Coffey & Dean Spears, 2017. "Place and Child Health: The Interaction of Population Density and Sanitation in Developing Countries," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(1), pages 337-360, February.
    8. Scott Alan Carson, 2020. "Net nutrition, insolation, mortality, and the antebellum paradox," Journal of Bioeconomics, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 77-98, July.
    9. Scott Alan Carson, 2022. "Body mass, nutrition, and disease: nineteenth century current net nutrition during economic development," Journal of Bioeconomics, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 37-65, April.

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