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The livelihood impacts of the Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (EPWS) Program in Morogoro, Tanzania

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  • Kwayu, Emmanuel J.
  • Paavola, Jouni
  • Sallu, Susannah M.

Abstract

Research on PES programs in agro-ecosystems is recent and limited in developing countries. The authors use a multi-method, quasi-experimental impact evaluation approach to examine direct and indirect livelihood impacts of the Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (EPWS) program piloted in the Morogoro region in Tanzania. The evaluation is based on a survey of 116 program participants and 117 non-participants, 32 semi-structured interviews and 16 focus group discussions to complement the survey data. They find that, while the EPWS program incentives resulted in direct benefits, indirect benefits such as increased crop yields, higher land values, new employment opportunities, more knowledgeable farmers, improved leadership skills as well as increased trust, expanded internal and external networks and strengthened institutions were more important. The results clearly indicate the potential of PES schemes to generate win-win outcomes in agro-ecosystems, but they also call for attention to equity in the design of PES programs implemented on agro-ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Kwayu, Emmanuel J. & Paavola, Jouni & Sallu, Susannah M., 2017. "The livelihood impacts of the Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (EPWS) Program in Morogoro, Tanzania," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(3), pages 328-349, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:endeec:v:22:y:2017:i:03:p:328-349_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Zhaoyang & Kontoleon, Andreas, 2018. "Meta-Analysis of Livelihood Impacts of Payments for Environmental Services Programmes in Developing Countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 48-61.
    2. Thang Quyet Nguyen & Nguyen Tan Huynh & Wen-Kai K. Hsu, 2021. "Estimate the Impact of Payments for Environmental Services on Local Livelihoods and Environment: An Application of Propensity Scores," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, August.
    3. Blundo-Canto, Genowefa & Bax, Vincent & Quintero, Marcela & Cruz-Garcia, Gisella S. & Groeneveld, Rolf A. & Perez-Marulanda, Lisset, 2018. "The Different Dimensions of Livelihood Impacts of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) Schemes: A Systematic Review," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 160-183.
    4. Shunji Oniki & Haftu Etsay & Melaku Berhe & Teklay Negash, 2020. "Improving Cooperation among Farmers for Communal Land Conservation in Ethiopia: A Public Goods Experiment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-16, November.
    5. Ana Carolina Oliveira Fiorini & Marilyn Swisher & Francis E. Putz, 2020. "Payment for Environment Services to Promote Compliance with Brazil’s Forest Code: The Case of “Produtores de Água e Floresta”," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-51, October.
    6. de Almeida, Liliane & Augusto de Jesus Pacheco, Diego & Caten, Carla Schwengber ten & Jung, Carlos Fernando, 2021. "A methodology for identifying results and impacts in technological innovation projects," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    7. Teo Dang Do & Anchana NaRanong, 2019. "Livelihood and Environmental Impacts of Payments for Forest Environmental Services: A Case Study in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-22, August.
    8. S. T. Abebe & A. B. Dagnew & V. G. Zeleke & G. Z. Eshetu & G. T. Cirella, 2019. "Willingness to Pay for Watershed Management," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-18, April.
    9. Pham, Van Truong & Roongtawanreongsri, Saowalak & Ho, Thong Quoc & Tran, Phuong Hanh Niekdam, 2021. "Can payments for forest environmental services help improve income and attitudes toward forest conservation? Household-level evaluation in the Central Highlands of Vietnam," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    10. Hao Wang & Sander Meijerink & Erwin van der Krabben, 2020. "Institutional Design and Performance of Markets for Watershed Ecosystem Services: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-26, August.
    11. Huang, Dayan & Liu, Chengyi & Yan, Zehao & Kou, Aiju, 2023. "Payments for Watershed Services and corporate green innovation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 541-556.
    12. Ding, Qian & Lu, Qiaoling & Wu, Jing & Zhou, Ting & Deng, Jinsong & Kong, Lingqiao & Yang, Wu, 2022. "Integrated assessment of a payment for ecosystem services program in China from the effectiveness, efficiency and equity perspective," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).

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