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For Example: How to Use Examples in Political Science

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  • DRYZEK, JOHN S.

Abstract

There is a large literature on the use of cases, hardly anything on examples. They are different: cases get analyzed, examples get deployed. Examples can perform clarifying, didactic, persuasive, universalizing, critical, and cogitative functions. These six functions all have their own logic, and a set of guidelines for how to perform each of them well is developed. However, compelling and persuasive examples can also mislead. Following Kahneman’s distinction between system 1 (fast) and system 2 (slow) thinking, good examples both resonate in system 1 terms and invite system 2 scrutiny. The best examples are good in some aspect, flawed in interesting ways in others. A perfect example is a logical impossibility. The author’s interest in convincing the reader and the discipline’s interest in effective inquiry can diverge, a problem overcome if reason in inquiry is seen as essentially dialogical.

Suggested Citation

  • Dryzek, John S., 2025. "For Example: How to Use Examples in Political Science," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 119(1), pages 449-461, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:119:y:2025:i:1:p:449-461_29
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