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¿Es la integración regional un vehículo para la convergencia? El caso del Mercosur, 1990-2014

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  • Paula Andrea Nieto Alemán
  • Jaime Alberto Rendón Acevedo

Abstract

Este artículo responde a dos cuestionamientos: a) ¿el proceso de integración regional en el Mercosur, desde su lanzamiento con el Tratado de Asunción (1991), ha contribuido a la reducción de las disparidades en el ingreso per cápita entre los países de la región?, b) ¿se ha dado convergencia vía el comercio intrazona? Para responderlos, fue necesario revisar el marco teórico de la integración y buscar explicaciones que justificaran el proceso de integración en el Mercosur bajo el esquema de unión aduanera y su vinculación con la convergencia. Se entiende la integración como un proceso económico influenciado por las estructuras productivas de los países y cuyo patrón de comercio responde a la asignación de recursos de la estructura sectorial de la producción. Utilizando el modelo por efectos fijos, se observó que las regresiones no evidencian existencia de β-convergencia en el PIB per cápita del conjunto de países. Adicionalmente, se estimó un modelo en el que se incluye el índice de apertura global y el índice de apertura intrarregional. Los resultados no revelan presencia de β-convergencia condicional para el conjunto de países. Se puede concluir que el Mercosur no ha favorecido el crecimiento de los países en términos de PIB per cápita.

Suggested Citation

  • Paula Andrea Nieto Alemán & Jaime Alberto Rendón Acevedo, 2019. "¿Es la integración regional un vehículo para la convergencia? El caso del Mercosur, 1990-2014," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 11(1), pages 23-39, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000443:017772
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fernando Massi (coordinador) & María Inés Terra (coordinador) & Roberto Bouzas & Juan Cresta Arias & Alessia Lo Turco & Pedro Da Motta Veiga & María inés Terra & Red MERCOSUR, 2008. "Asimetrías en el MERCOSUR: ¿Impedimento para el crecimiento?," Serie Red MERCOSUR, Red Mercosur, edition 1, volume 1, number 12 edited by Red MERCOSUR, Spring.
    2. ?gel de la Fuente, "undated". "Convergence Across Countries And Regions: Theory And Empirics," UFAE and IAE Working Papers 447.00, Unitat de Fonaments de l'Anàlisi Econòmica (UAB) and Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (CSIC).
    3. Karras, Georgios, 1997. "Economic Integration and Convergence: Lessons from Asia, Europe and Latin America," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 12, pages 419-432.
    4. Brida, Juan Gabriel & London, Silvia & Rojas, Mara, 2012. "Convergencia interregional en dinámica de regimenes: el caso del Mercosur [Regional convergence of dynamic of regimens: the case of Mercosur]," MPRA Paper 36863, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    convergencia y divergencia regional; integración regional; unión aduanera; Mercosur.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F11 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Neoclassical Models of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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