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La reforma del régimen comercial en México durante los anos ochenta: sus efectos económicos y dimensiones políticas

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  • Jaime Ros

Abstract

“Como muchos otros países latinoamericanos, pero quizás en mayor medida que la mayoría de ellos, México ha modificado en anos recientes su estrategia de desarrollo con el fin de otorgar un mayor papel a las senales del mercado y al sector privado y de integrarse más plenamente en la economía mundial. Un aspecto central de este cambio ha sido la reforma de las políticas de comercio exterior seguidas durante la posguerra; reforma que se inicia a partir de 1983 en medio de condiciones macroeconómicas muy adversas y en el contexto de una serie de intentos de estabilización macroeconómica. Este ensayo analiza la experiencia de México en materia de apertura comercial durante los anos ochenta y aborda los principales temas y preguntas que se plantean al intentar evaluar sus efectos económicos y explicar sus dimensiones políticas. Después de un breve recuento del proceso de ajuste macroeconómico de los anos ochenta, la primera sección examina el contenido del programa de liberalización comercial de los gobiernos de la Madrid y Salinas de Gortari. La segunda sección examina los impactos económicos iniciales de la reforma así como, en forma más tentativa y preliminar, los beneficios de más largo plazo que, en términos de la asignación de recursos y el crecimiento de la productividad, se pueden esperar de ella. La tercera sección se concentra en la dinámica del cambio institucional y presenta un análisis de economía política de este proceso de reforma. Una sección final resume las principales conclusiones que surgen del conjunto del trabajo.”

Suggested Citation

  • Jaime Ros, 1992. "La reforma del régimen comercial en México durante los anos ochenta: sus efectos económicos y dimensiones políticas," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 22(3), pages 101-131, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dani Rodrik, 1992. "The Limits of Trade Policy Reform in Developing Countries," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 6(1), pages 87-105, Winter.
    2. Rodrik, Dani, 1990. "How should structural adjustment programs be designed?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 18(7), pages 933-947, July.
    3. Corbo, Vittorio & Fischer, Stanley, 1991. "Adjustment programs and Bank support : rationale and main results," Policy Research Working Paper Series 582, The World Bank.
    4. Ros J., 1991. "Effects of government policies on the incentives to invest, enterprise behaviour and employment: a study of mexico's economic reforms in the eighties," ILO Working Papers 992851873402676, International Labour Organization.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    México; Procesos de Ajuste; Reforma Económica; Política Comercial Internacional; Política del Comercio Exterior; Apertura Económica; Liberalización del Intercambio; Política Económica; Indicadores Macroeconómicos; Reforma Comercial; Coyuntura Económica Latinoamericana;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

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