IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/col/000438/013553.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impacto de las reformas estructurales sobre la eficiencia y la equidad: la experiencia colombiana en los noventa

Author

Listed:
  • Mauricio Cárdenas
  • Catalina Gutiérrez

Abstract

“El paso de las reformas estructurales en América Latina ha sido acelerado durante los anos noventa. La mayoría de los países han reducido sustancialmente los aranceles y las restricciones no arancelarias a las importaciones, y se han firmado acuerdos de libre comercio entre varios países de la región. En todos los casos, las reformas estructurales han estado motivadas por el desencanto con los niveles de crecimiento económico durante los últimos 15 anos. Tal vez ningún otro país adoptó un paquete de reformas tan amplio y comprensivo como Colombia. Desde 1990, una serie de leyes introdujeron cambios drásticos en el comercio exterior, el mercado cambiario, el régimen de inversión, el mercado laboral, la seguridad social y la salud. Este artículo analiza los efectos iniciales sobre la eficiencia y la equidad de las reformas estructurales mencionadas. Aunque aún es prematuro plantear conclusiones definitivas, la evidencia preliminar resulta útil para otros países que estén implementando reformas similares. El artículo se divide en 5 capítulos. En el primero se discute el tema de la eficiencia basado en mediciones sobre la PTF en el sector manufacturero. El vínculo entre eficiencia y equidad se establece en el capítulo 3, en el cual se analizan las tendencias recientes del empleo y se estiman las elasticidades de sustitución entre el capital y los diferentes tipos de trabajo. En el capítulo 4 se analizan los aspectos de equidad mediante el análisis de coeficientes de Gini y diferenciales de salarios. Adicionalmente, otros indicadores muestran una reducción de la pobreza asociada al cambio de la política social hacia un sistema de subsidios a la demanda.”

Suggested Citation

  • Mauricio Cárdenas & Catalina Gutiérrez, 1996. "Impacto de las reformas estructurales sobre la eficiencia y la equidad: la experiencia colombiana en los noventa," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013553
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/2194
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Burnside, A. Craig & Eichenbaum, Martin S. & Rebelo, Sergio T., 1996. "Sectoral Solow residuals," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(3-5), pages 861-869, April.
    2. Sergio Clavijo, 1990. "Productividad laboral, multifactorial y la tasa de cambio real en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 9(17), pages 73-97, June.
    3. Ramon E. Lopez, 1980. "The Structure of Production and the Derived Demand for Inputs in Canadian Agriculture," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 62(1), pages 38-45.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lora, Eduardo & Olivera, Mauricio, 1998. "Macro Policy and Employment Problems in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 6077, Inter-American Development Bank.
    2. Fedesarrollo, 1997. "¿Al fin qué ha pasado con la distribución del ingreso en Colombia?," Coyuntura Social 13117, Fedesarrollo.
    3. Leonardo Rhenals Rojas, 2005. "Costo de Uso del Capital en Colombia:1997 -2003," Macroeconomics 0502003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Rhenals M., Remberto & Castano, Elkin & López, Hugo, 2004. "La reforma laboral de 2002 y sus impactos: in medio stat virtus," Perfil de Coyuntura Económica, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. O'Donnell, Christopher J., 2000. "Estimating The Characteristics Of Homogeneous Functionsusing Flexible Functional Forms," 2000 Conference (44th), January 23-25, 2000, Sydney, Australia 123713, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    2. Swanson Eric T, 2006. "The Relative Price and Relative Productivity Channels for Aggregate Fluctuations," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 6(1), pages 1-39, October.
    3. Luca Benati, 2001. "Band-pass filtering, cointegration, and business cycle analysis," Bank of England working papers 142, Bank of England.
    4. Mauricio Cardenas & Raquel Bernal, 2004. "Determinants of Labor Demand in Colombia. 1976-1996," NBER Chapters, in: Law and Employment: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean, pages 229-272, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Nakajima, Tomoyuki, 2005. "A business cycle model with variable capacity utilization and demand disturbances," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(5), pages 1331-1360, July.
    6. Offutt, Susan & Shoemaker, Robbin, 1989. "Distribution of Domestic Policy Benefits and the Willingness to Support Trade Liberalization," 1989 Occasional Paper Series No. 5 197669, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Jaroslav Sixta & Kristýna Vltavská, 2016. "Změny v měření ekonomiky a dopady do odhadu produktivity [Changes in the Measuring of Economy and Its Impact on Productivity Estimation]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2016(3), pages 351-368.
    8. Pu Chen, Armon Rezai, Willi Semmler, 2007. "WP 2007-8 Productivity and Unemployment in the Short and Long Run," SCEPA working paper series. 2007-8, Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis (SCEPA), The New School.
    9. Francesco Daveri & Cecilia Jona-Lasinio, 2005. "Italy's Decline: Getting the Facts Right," Giornale degli Economisti, GDE (Giornale degli Economisti e Annali di Economia), Bocconi University, vol. 64(4), pages 365-410, December.
    10. Andrei Polbin & Sergey Drobyshevsky, 2014. "Developing a Dynamic Stochastic Model of General Equilibrium for the Russian Economy," Research Paper Series, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 166P, pages 156-156.
    11. Jürgen Bitzer & Erkan Gören, 2016. "Measuring capital services by energy use: an empirical comparative study," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(53), pages 5152-5167, November.
    12. Fuller, Frank H., 1999. "Farm-Level Feed Demand In Turkey," 1999 Annual meeting, August 8-11, Nashville, TN 21534, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    13. Imbs, Jean, 2007. "Growth and volatility," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(7), pages 1848-1862, October.
    14. Echavarría Juan José & María Angélica Arbeláez & María Fernanda Rosales, 2006. "La productividad y sus determinantes:el caso de la industria colombiana," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, June.
    15. Kawaguchi, Daiji & Ohtake, Fumio & Tamada, Keiko, 2009. "The productivity of public capital: Evidence from Japan's 1994 electoral reform," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 332-343, September.
    16. Imbs, Jean & Jondeau, Eric & Pelgrin, Florian, 2011. "Sectoral Phillips curves and the aggregate Phillips curve," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(4), pages 328-344.
    17. Duran, Hasan Engin, 2019. "Asymmetries in regional development: Does TFP or capital accumulation matter for spatial inequalities?," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 20(C).
    18. Ana María Iregui B. & Luis Fernando Melo V. & María Teresa Ramírez G., 2007. "Productividad regional y sectorial en Colombia: un análisis utilizando datos de panel," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 25(53), pages 18-65, January.
    19. Antle, John M., 1983. "The Structure Of U.S. Agricultural Technology, 1910-1978," Working Papers 225709, University of California, Davis, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    20. Burnside, Craig, 1996. "Production function regressions, returns to scale, and externalities," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(2-3), pages 177-201, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informes de Investigación; Reforma Estructural; Crecimiento Económico; Empleo; Salarios; Coeficiente de Gini; Eficiencia; Equidad; Mercado Laboral; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:col:000438:013553. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Patricia Monroy (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/fedesco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.