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Abstract
Resumen: Este artículo analiza los efectos de las políticas instauradas de cuarentena, debido al nuevo Coronavirus (COVID-19), sobre la tasa de empleo y desempleo de la ciudad de Cali para el 2020. Debido a que la política de confinamiento afectó la movilidad de los trabajadores, el principal efecto recayó sobre la generación de empleo de la ciudad. De esta forma, inferir los efectos sobre el empleo se convirtió en uno de los principales retos en la ciudad y, con el fin de analizar los impactos del COVID19 sobre el empleo, aquí se propone una metodología mixta la cual implica, por un lado, información de un comité de expertos en mercado laboral y, por otro lado, el uso de series de tiempo. Los resultados de esta metodología muestran que los pronósticos realizados fueron muy cercanos a lo que se observó en los meses de abril, mayo y junio. Finalmente, en este artículo se analiza el efecto de un shock sobre el mercado laboral de Cali, encontrando que éste duraría alrededor de 18 meses sobre el desempleo y casi un ano sobre el empleo. Abstract: This article discusses the effects of the quarantine policies established due to the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the employment and unemployment rates of the city of Cali in 2020. As the policy of confinement affected the mobility of workers, the main effect fell on the generation of employment in the city. Consequently, inferring the effects on employment became one of the main challenges in the city. In order to analyze the impacts of COVID-19 on employment, a mixed methodology is proposed here. On the one hand, it involves information from a committee of labor market experts and, on the other hand, the use of time series. The results of this methodology show that the forecasts made were very close to what was observed in April, May and June. Finally, this article discusses the effect of a shock on Cali’s labor market, finding that it would last about 18 months on unemployment and almost a year on employment. Résumé: Cet article analyse les effets des politiques de quarantaine mises en place, en raison du nouveau Coronavirus (COVID-19), sur le taux d’emploi et de chomage de la ville de Cali pour l’année 2020. Étant donné que la politique de quarantaine a eu des répercussions sur la mobilité des travailleurs, ceci a eu également des conséquences sur la création d’emplois dans la ville. Déduire les effets sur l’emploi est devenu, ainsi, l’un des principaux défis de la ville. Dans le but d’analyser les impacts de COVID-19 sur l’emploi, on propose une méthodologie mixte qui implique, d’une part, l’information d’un comité d’experts du marché du travail et, d’autre part, l’utilisation de séries chronologiques. Les résultats de cette méthodologie montrent que les prévisions faites étaient tres proches de ce qui a été observé au cours des mois d’avril, mai et juin. Enfin, cet article analyse l’effet d’un choc sur le marché du travail de Cali, en constatant qu’il durerait environ 18 mois sur le chomage et presque un an sur l’emploi.
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Keywords
empleo;
desempleo;
informalidad;
comité de expertos;
series de tiempo;
raíces unitarias estacionales;
Kaplan-Meier;
All these keywords.
JEL classification:
- J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
- J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
- J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
- C41 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
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