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El efecto de la desigualdad y el acceso al crédito sobre la acumulación de capital humano

Author

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  • Cristina Martínez Cuellar

Abstract

La acumulación de capital humano es reconocida como uno de los principales factores de crecimiento económico de los países en el largo plazo. Una rama de esta literatura se ha centrado en demostrar la relación existente entre los mercados financieros, la desigualdad y la acumulación de capital humano. De acuerdo con Galor y Zeira (1993), la desigualdad en el ingreso tiene efectos negativos de largo plazo sobre la inversión en el capital humano y, por ende, sobre el desarrollo económico, debido a las imperfecciones en los mercados de crédito. Esta investigación verifica empíricamente el efecto conjunto de la desigualdad en el ingreso y el acceso al crédito sobre la acumulación de capital humano en Colombia. En ella, se evidencia que la desigualdad tiene efectos negativos sobre la asistencia escolar; simultáneamente, una mayor presencia del sector financiero tiene efectos positivos sobre esta variable. En cuanto al efecto conjunto, se observa que el mayor acceso al sistema financiero contrarresta parcialmente los efectos negativos de la desigualdad. Estos resultados son más fuertes en aquellos municipios con mayores grados de desigualdad en el ingreso.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Martínez Cuellar, 2013. "El efecto de la desigualdad y el acceso al crédito sobre la acumulación de capital humano," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 31(72), pages 18-34, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000107:010892
    DOI: 10.32468/Espe.7202
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    Cited by:

    1. Cuesta, Lizeth & Ruiz, Yomara, 2021. "Efecto de la globalización sobre la desigualdad. Un estudio global para 104 países usando regresiones cuantílicas [Effect of globalization on inequality. A global study for 104 countries using quan," MPRA Paper 111022, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Amarante, Veronica, 2009. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth in Latin America," Economics PhD Theses 0109, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
    3. Fernando Delbianco & Carlos Dabús & María Ángeles Caraballo, 2014. "Income inequality and economic growth: New evidence from Latin America," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, August.
    4. Cristian Castillo & Julimar Da Silva & Sandro Monsueto, 2020. "Objectives of Sustainable Development and Youth Employment in Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crecimiento económico; Capital humano; Desigualdad; Acceso al crédito;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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