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Las crisis económicas y el escenario político en la introducción de reformas tributarias. La experiencia argentina (1980-2010) y una constatación para Latinoamérica

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  • Víctor Mauricio Castaneda

Abstract

Este artículo analiza las reformas tributarias en Argentina entre 1980 y 2010, con base en las circunstancias económicas y políticas que las acompanaron. Se establece cómo las crisis económicas y la posición de poder político del Gobierno inciden en el tipo de reformas que se promueven; el estudio muestra que en épocas de recesión se favorece el aumento del IVA, aunque ello está limitado por las condiciones que exhibe el escenario político en que se discuten las iniciativas legislativas. Además, este artículo presenta una constatación empírica que va más allá del caso argentino e incorpora a veinte países de América Latina y el Caribe, para identificar con sustento estadístico qué factores inciden en la aprobación de reformas que aumentan el IVA y los impuestos sobre la renta. ***** This paper analyses tax reforms in Argentina between 1980 and 2010 based on economic and political circumstances that accompanied them. It sets out how the economic crisis and the government’s position regarding its political power affect the kinds of reforms that are promoted; the study shows that in times of recession VAT increases are favoured, although this is limited by the conditions of the political scene in which legislative initiatives are discussed. Additionally, the paper presents an empirical exercise that goes beyond the Argentine case, incorporating twenty countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, with statistical support to identify the factors that influence the adoption of reforms that raise VAT and income taxes.

Suggested Citation

  • Víctor Mauricio Castaneda, 2016. "Las crisis económicas y el escenario político en la introducción de reformas tributarias. La experiencia argentina (1980-2010) y una constatación para Latinoamérica," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 35(Especial ), pages 173-206, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000093:013978
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Angelopoulos, Konstantinos & Economides, George & Kammas, Pantelis, 2009. "Do political incentives matter for tax policies? Ideology, opportunism and the tax structure," SIRE Discussion Papers 2009-09, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
    2. Ashworth, John & Heyndels, Bruno, 2002. "Tax Structure Turbulence in OECD Countries," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 111(3-4), pages 347-376, June.
    3. Alejandro Bonvecchi, 2010. "The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Latin America: The Case of Argentina," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 6790, Inter-American Development Bank.
    4. Alesina, Alberto & Drazen, Allan, 1991. "Why Are Stabilizations Delayed?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 81(5), pages 1170-1188, December.
    5. Alejandro Bonvecchi, 2010. "The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Latin America: The Case of Argentina," Research Department Publications 4666, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    reformas tributarias en Argentina; economía política de las reformas; crisis económicas; poder político.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • H29 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Other
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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