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Research And Development In The European Union: An Analysis Of Two Decades

Author

Listed:
  • Zeynep Su BORAHAN

    (Károly Ihrig Doctoral School, University of Debrecen)

Abstract

Innovative activities are vital for countries' economic growth and competitiveness in the same way research and development (R&D) is vital for innovation. Expenditure on R&D is an apt indicator to assess countries' R&D input. This article statistically reviews the European Union's gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) and its components for 2000-2020 to uncover trends and patterns. Business enterprise, higher education and government components of GERD are selected as indicators to assess the sectoral trends in R&D. Furthermore, to give more insight, conceptualised income groups are used to identify any pattern between countries' R&D expenditures and income levels. The United States, Korea and China are chosen as benchmarks for R&D based on their income level. Additionally, based on the EU27 countries' historical progress and final figures, R&D leaders and laggers are appointed.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeynep Su BORAHAN, 2022. "Research And Development In The European Union: An Analysis Of Two Decades," SEA - Practical Application of Science, Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence, Editorial Department, issue 28, pages 37-55, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:cmj:seapas:y:2022:i:28:p:37-55
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Research and development expenditure; R&D; GERD; Income groups; The European Union; Economic growth; EU Innovation Policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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