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Technologischer Fortschritt und Ungleichheit: eine empirische Analyse der Entwicklung in Österreich 2008-2014

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  • Maximilian Unger
  • Stella Zilian
  • Wolfgang Polt
  • Wilfried Altzinger
  • Timon Scheuer
  • Karim Bekhtiar

Abstract

In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten empirischen Ergebnisse einer Studie des INEQ-Instituts der WU Wien und von JOANNEUM RESEARCH – POLICIES präsentiert, die sich mit den Auswirkungen des technologischen Wandels auf die Beschäftigung und Einkommensverteilung in Österreich beschäftigt hat. Untersuchungsgegenstand der empirischen Analyse sind die Branchen der Sachgütererzeugung sowie private Dienstleistungen in der Zeit seit dem Ausbruch der Krise (2008 bis 2014). Im Gegensatz zu anderen aktuellen Studien wird hier ein breiterer Ansatz zur Erfassung des technologischen Wandels gewählt, indem sowohl die F&E (Forschungs- und Entwicklungs)-Intensität als auch der Anteil von IKT-Investitionen betrachtet werden. Für den Beobachtungszeitraum zeigt sich, dass höhere F&E-Intensität in der Sachgütererzeugung mit einem Anstieg der Lohnungleichheiten einhergeht, während bei den Dienstleistungen eine Verringerung beobachtet werden kann. Wird hingegen der Anteil der F&E-Beschäftigten an der Gesamtbeschäftigung in den Branchen betrachtet, so ist dieser durchgängig mit einer Reduktion der Lohnungleichheit verbunden. Der Anteil der IKT-Investitionen ist jedoch nur in den Branchen der Sachgütererzeugung und nur in Zusammenhang mit den F&E-Ausgaben signifikant negativ. Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, wie komplex und heterogen die Entwicklungen in den Branchen sind und zeigen zudem auf, dass wegen ihrer Bedeutung in Zukunft bei der Untersuchung der ökonomischen Auswirkungen des technologischen Fortschritts Verteilungsfragen verstärkt berücksichtigt werden müssen.

Suggested Citation

  • Maximilian Unger & Stella Zilian & Wolfgang Polt & Wilfried Altzinger & Timon Scheuer & Karim Bekhtiar, 2017. "Technologischer Fortschritt und Ungleichheit: eine empirische Analyse der Entwicklung in Österreich 2008-2014," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 43(3), pages 405-437.
    • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2017v:43i:3p:405
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    References listed on IDEAS

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