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Internationale Produktionsverlagerungen im Spannungsfeld von betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlichen Anforderungen

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  • Harald Zschiedrich

Abstract

Während sich in den 90er Jahren vor allem Großunternehmen für Produktionsverlagerungen interessierten, steigen heute Interesse und Bereitschaft in der Gruppe der kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen, sich im Ausland aktiv zu engagieren. Hinsichtlich der Motivstruktur bei den Verlagerungen weichen Umfrageergebnisse von dem in der Theorie gezeichneten Bild ab. Während die Wirtschaftstheorie aufzeigt, dass die Gründe sich keineswegs auf die Kosteneinsparungen reduzieren lassen, zeigen neuere Umfrageergebnisse, dass das Markterschließungsmotiv zumindest in Mittelosteuropa an Boden verloren hat. Was die Beschäftigungseffekte anbetrifft, so weisen die meisten deutschen Direktinvestitionen im Ausland positive Wirkungen auf, wobei zu beachten ist, dass nur 6% der Direktinvestitionen nach Mittelosteuropa gehen. Verlagerungen aus reinen Kostengründen, die bei den Aktivitäten in Mittelosteuropa dominieren, weisen ungünstigere Wirkungen für die Beschäftigtenentwicklung in den einzelnen Unternehmen auf. Während die Unternehmen im Bereich der Produktion vor allem auf Verlagerung setzen, werden die Kräfte in anderen Bereichen stärker auf die Optimierung der eigenen Ressourcen gerichtet (FuE). Dabei ist generell anzumerken, dass die Alternative zur Verlagerung, die eigenen Funktionsbereiche "daheim" zu optimieren, nicht immer ausreichend beachtet wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Harald Zschiedrich, 2006. "Internationale Produktionsverlagerungen im Spannungsfeld von betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlichen Anforderungen," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 32(4), pages 443-470.
    • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2006v:32i:4p:443
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    References listed on IDEAS

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