IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/cii/cepiie/2020-q1-161-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigating Asian regional income convergence using Fourier Unit Root test with Break

Author

Listed:
  • OlaOluwa S. Yaya
  • Fumitaka Furuoka
  • Kiew Ling Pui
  • Ray Ikechukwu Jacob
  • Chinyere M. Ezeoke

Abstract

Income convergence among countries has become an important topic in international economics. This paper uses a new unit root test, namely the Fourier Unit Root test with Break, to examine income convergence in nine Asian countries. It has grouped the countries into three regions in Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia and has chosen three major economies in each of the three areas for empirical analysis. The empirical findings indicate that there is relatively greater income convergence in the South Asia and that there is a mixed trend of income convergence and income divergence in Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia.

Suggested Citation

  • OlaOluwa S. Yaya & Fumitaka Furuoka & Kiew Ling Pui & Ray Ikechukwu Jacob & Chinyere M. Ezeoke, 2020. "Investigating Asian regional income convergence using Fourier Unit Root test with Break," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 161, pages 120-129.
  • Handle: RePEc:cii:cepiie:2020-q1-161-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2110701719302902
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. OlaOluwa S.Yaya & Pui Kiew Ling & Fumitaka Furuoka & Chinyere Mary Rose Ezeoke & Ray Ikechukwu Jacob, 2019. "Can West African countries catch up with Nigeria? Evidence from smooth nonlinearity method in fractional unit root framework," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 158, pages 51-63.
    2. Aiyar, Shekhar & Duval, Romain & Puy, Damien & Wu, Yiqun & Zhang, Longmei, 2018. "Growth slowdowns and the middle-income trap," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 22-37.
    3. Enders, Walter & Lee, Junsoo, 2012. "The flexible Fourier form and Dickey–Fuller type unit root tests," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 117(1), pages 196-199.
    4. Simplice A. Asongu & Vanessa S. Tchamyou, 2020. "Human capital, knowledge creation, knowledge diffusion, institutions and economic incentives: South Korea versus Africa," Contemporary Social Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(1), pages 26-47, January.
    5. Perron, Pierre & Vogelsang, Timothy J., "undated". "Level Shifts and Purchasing Power Parity," Instructional Stata datasets for econometrics levshift, Boston College Department of Economics.
    6. Richard E. Baldwin & Philippe Martin & Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano, 2021. "Global Income Divergence, Trade, and Industrialization: The Geography of Growth Take-Offs," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Firms and Workers in a Globalized World Larger Markets, Tougher Competition, chapter 2, pages 25-57, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    7. Ho, Tsung-wu, 2015. "Income inequality may not converge after all: Testing panel unit roots in the presence of cross-section cointegration," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 68-79.
    8. Bernard, Andrew B. & Durlauf, Steven N., 1996. "Interpreting tests of the convergence hypothesis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1-2), pages 161-173.
    9. Fumitaka Furuoka, 2019. "Do CLMV countries catch up with the older ASEAN members in terms of income level?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(8), pages 690-697, May.
    10. Han, Xuehui & Wei, Shang-Jin, 2017. "Re-examining the middle-income trap hypothesis (MITH): What to reject and what to revive?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA), pages 41-61.
    11. Herrerias, M.J. & Ordoñez, J., 2012. "New evidence on the role of regional clusters and convergence in China (1952–2008)," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 1120-1133.
    12. Li, Kui-Wai & Zhou, Xianbo & Pan, Zhewen, 2016. "Cross-country output convergence and growth: Evidence from varying coefficient nonparametric method," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 32-41.
    13. Morck, Randall & Yeung, Bernard, 2001. "Japanese Economic Success and the Curious Characteristics of Japanese Stock Prices," CEI Working Paper Series 2001-19, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    14. Hashemi, Fariba, 2013. "On the dynamics of convergence in cross-country incomes," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 394-404.
    15. Younis, Fizza & Chaudhary, Aslam & Akbar, Muhammad, 2015. "Pattern of Development and Sustainable Economic Growth In Pakistan: A Descriptive Analysis," MPRA Paper 71473, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Changkyu Choi, 2004. "Foreign direct investment and income convergence," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(10), pages 1045-1049.
    17. Otsuka, Keijiro & Higuchi, Yuki & Sonobe, Tetsushi, 2017. "Middle-income traps in East Asia: An inquiry into causes for slowdown in income growth," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(S), pages 3-16.
    18. LAU, Chi Keung Marco, 2010. "New evidence about regional income divergence in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 293-309, June.
    19. Fumitaka Furuoka, 2017. "A new approach to testing unemployment hysteresis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1253-1280, November.
    20. Tunali, Çiǧdem Börke & Yilanci, Veli, 2010. "Are per capita incomes of MENA countries converging or diverging?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(21), pages 4855-4862.
    21. Samake, Issouf & Yang, Yongzheng, 2014. "Low-income countries’ linkages to BRICS: Are there growth spillovers?," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 1-14.
    22. Park, Donghyun, 2003. "An empirical examination of income convergence in the Asia-Pacific region," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 497-502, June.
    23. Chambers, Dustin & Dhongde, Shatakshee, 2016. "Convergence in income distributions: Evidence from a panel of countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 262-270.
    24. Parikh, Ashok & Shibata, Miyuki, 2004. "Does trade liberalization accelerate convergence in per capita incomes in developing countries?," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 33-48, February.
    25. Walter Enders & Junsoo Lee, 2012. "A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 74(4), pages 574-599, August.
    26. Perron, Pierre & Vogelsang, Timothy J, 1992. "Nonstationarity and Level Shifts with an Application to Purchasing Power Parity," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 10(3), pages 301-320, July.
    27. Völlmecke, Dominik & Jindra, Björn & Marek, Philipp, 2016. "FDI, human capital and income convergence—Evidence for European regions," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 288-307.
    28. Cabral, René & Castellanos-Sosa, Francisco A., 2019. "Europe's income convergence and the latest global financial crisis," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 23-34.
    29. Ouyang, Yusi & Shimeles, Abebe & Thorbecke, Erik, 2019. "Revisiting cross-country poverty convergence in the developing world with a special focus on Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 13-28.
    30. Agénor, Pierre-Richard & Canuto, Otaviano, 2015. "Middle-income growth traps," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 641-660.
    31. Dan Ben-David, 1993. "Equalizing Exchange: Trade Liberalization and Income Convergence," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 108(3), pages 653-679.
    32. Greasley, David & Oxley, Les, 1997. "Time-series based tests of the convergence hypothesis: Some positive results," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 143-147, October.
    33. Baiardi, Donatella & Morana, Claudio, 2018. "Financial development and income distribution inequality in the euro area," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 40-55.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kwaku Addai & Sema Yılmaz Genç & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Gualter Couto & Ayhan Orhan & Muhammad Umar & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2023. "Financial Risk and Environmental Sustainability in Poland: Evidence from Novel Fourier-Based Estimators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Matonana, Ntombiyesibini & Phiri, Andrew, 2024. "Who in the World can Africa Catch-up to? Evidence from Income Convergence Analysis," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 77(3), pages 417-444.
    3. Sakiru Adebola Solarin & Sinan Erdogan & Ugur Korkut Pata, 2023. "Convergence of Income Inequality in OECD Countries Since 1870: A Multi-Method Approach with Structural Changes," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 166(3), pages 601-626, April.
    4. Berna Serener & Dervis Kirikkaleli & Kwaku Addai, 2022. "Patents on Environmental Technologies, Financial Development, and Environmental Degradation in Sweden: Evidence from Novel Fourier-Based Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-19, December.
    5. Kwaku Addai & Rahmi Deniz Ozbay & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Sema Yilmaz Genc & Gualter Couto & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2022. "Energy Productivity and Environmental Degradation in Germany: Evidence from Novel Fourier Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    6. Manigandan, Palanisamy & Alam, Md Shabbir & Murshed, Muntasir & Ozturk, Ilhan & Altuntas, Sumeyya & Alam, Mohammad Mahtab, 2024. "Promoting sustainable economic growth through natural resources management, green innovations, environmental policy deployment, and financial development: Fresh evidence from India," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fumitaka Furuoka & Kiew Ling Pui & Chinyere Ezeoke & Ray I. Jacob & Olaoluwa S. Yaya, 2024. "Growth Slowdowns And Middle-Income Trap: Evidence From New Unit Root Framework," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 69(01), pages 461-477, March.
    2. Yaya OlaOluwa S. & Otekunrin Oluwaseun A. & Ogbonna Ahamuefula E., 2021. "Life expectancy in West African countries: Evidence of convergence and catching up with the north," Statistics in Transition New Series, Statistics Poland, vol. 22(1), pages 75-88, March.
    3. Yaya, OlaOluwa S & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Adekoya, Oluwasegun B., 2021. "Convergence among themselves and Middle-income trap of South-East Asian Nations: Findings from a New approach," MPRA Paper 109372, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Silva Lopes, Artur, 2021. "Non-convergent incomes with a new DF-Fourier test: most likely you go your way (and I'll go mine)," MPRA Paper 120171, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 09 Oct 2023.
    5. Cunado, J. & Perez de Gracia, F., 2006. "Real convergence in Africa in the second-half of the 20th century," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 153-167.
    6. Yaya, OlaOluwa S & Ogbonna, Ephraim A & Furuoka, Fumitaka & Gil-Alana, Luis A., 2019. "A new unit root analysis for testing hysteresis in unemployment," MPRA Paper 96621, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Hasanov, Fakhri J. & Aliyev, Ruslan & Taskin, Dilvin & Suleymanov, Elchin, 2023. "Oil rents and non-oil economic growth in CIS oil exporters. The role of financial development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    8. Mehmet Hanefi Topal, 2020. "The Middle Income Trap: Theory and Empirical Evidence," Bogazici Journal, Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, Bogazici University, Department of Economics, vol. 34(1), pages 51-75.
    9. Sakiru Adebola Solarin & Sinan Erdogan & Ugur Korkut Pata, 2023. "Convergence of Income Inequality in OECD Countries Since 1870: A Multi-Method Approach with Structural Changes," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 166(3), pages 601-626, April.
    10. Hasanov, Fakhri J. & Shannak, Sa'd, 2020. "Electricity incentives for agriculture in Saudi Arabia. Is that relevant to remove them?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    11. Silva Lopes, Artur C., 2021. "Most likely you go your way (and I'll go mine): non-convergent incomes with a new DF-Fourier test," MPRA Paper 107676, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 19 Mar 2021.
    12. Veli YILANCI & Yilmaz OZKAN & Abdulkadir ALTINSOY, 2020. "Testing the Unemployment Hysteresis in G7 Countries: A Fresh Evidence from Fourier Threshold Unit Root Test," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(3), pages 49-59, September.
    13. Silva Lopes, Artur, 2020. "Revisiting income convergence with DF-Fourier tests: old evidence with a new test," MPRA Paper 102208, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Akbas, Yusuf Ekrem & Sancar, Canan, 2021. "The impact of export dynamics on trade balance in emerging and developed countries: An evaluation with middle income trap perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 357-375.
    15. Yaya, OlaOluwa S & Ling, Pui Kiew & Furuoka, Fumitaka & Ezeoke, Chinyere Mary Rose & Jacob, Ray Ikechukwu, 2018. "Can Western African countries catch up with Nigeria? Evidence from Smooth Nonlinearity method in Fractional Unit root framework," MPRA Paper 90517, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Furuoka, Fumitaka, 2018. "A new causality test for the analysis of the export-growth nexus," MPRA Paper 91467, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Aiyar, Shekhar & Duval, Romain & Puy, Damien & Wu, Yiqun & Zhang, Longmei, 2018. "Growth slowdowns and the middle-income trap," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 22-37.
    18. Matonana, Ntombiyesibini & Phiri, Andrew, 2024. "Who in the World can Africa Catch-up to? Evidence from Income Convergence Analysis," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 77(3), pages 417-444.
    19. Bayer Christian & Jüßen Falko, 2007. "Convergence in West German Regional Unemployment Rates," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 8(4), pages 510-535, December.
    20. Johan Lyhagen & Johanna Rickne, 2014. "Income inequality between Chinese regions: newfound harmony or continued discord?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 93-110, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Income convergence; Economic integration; Asia; Fourier approximation and unit root;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C19 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Other
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • N17 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Africa; Oceania

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cii:cepiie:2020-q1-161-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cepiifr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.