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Digitalisierung und Steuerpolitik

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  • Clemens Fuest

Abstract

Die Digitalisierung führt in vielen Bereichen der Wirtschaft zu einem tiefgreifenden Wandel. Das Erfassen und Verarbeiten von Daten spielt eine wachsende Rolle, immaterielle Wirtschaftsgüter werden für die Wertschöpfung immer bedeutender, neue Geschäftsmodelle entstehen, die Grenze zwischen Güter- und Dienstleistungshandel wird unschärfer und Wettbewerbsmärkte verändern sich. Mittlerweile sind die sechs wertvollsten Unternehmen der Welt ausnahmslos Technologieunternehmen mit starkem Digitalisierungsbezug. Fünf davon kommen aus den USA, eines aus China. Die ökonomischen Veränderungen, die mit der Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft einhergehen, betreffen auch die Steuerpolitik. Die derzeit diskutierten Vorschläge zur Einführung einer europäischen Digitalsteuer führen jedoch in die Irre. Die von der Europäischen Kommission angeführten Argumente und Zahlen, mit denen sie die These eines unerwünschten Steuergefälles zu Gunsten der Digitalwirtschaft untermauern will, sind teilweise irreführend. Die Tatsache, dass einige US-Technologieunternehmen mit mehr oder weniger stark digitalen Geschäftsmodellen in der EU viel Geld verdienen, ist nach den geltenden Grundsätzen der internationalen Besteuerung kein hinreichender Grund dafür, sie in der EU stärker zu besteuern. Die Steuerpolitik in Europa sollte sich vielmehr darauf konzentrieren, für eine ordnungsgemäße Erhebung der Umsatzsteuern auch bei digitalen Dienstleistungen zu sorgen. Es spricht nichts dagegen, neue Konzepte wie die digitale Betriebsstätte oder eine Umsatzbesteuerung der Datenbereitstellung im Rahmen der Regelungen zum Tausch zu prüfen. Das sollte aber international abgestimmt erfolgen, und große Mehreinnahmen sollte man sich davon nicht versprechen.

Suggested Citation

  • Clemens Fuest, 2018. "Digitalisierung und Steuerpolitik," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 71(14), pages 21-25, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:71:y:2018:i:14:p:21-25
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Devereux, Michael P & Griffith, Rachel, 2003. "Evaluating Tax Policy for Location Decisions," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 10(2), pages 107-126, March.
    2. Fuest, Clemens & Spengel, Christoph & Finke, Katharina & Heckemeyer, Jost H. & Nusser, Hannah, 2013. "Profit shifting and 'aggressive' tax planning by multinational firms: Issues and options for reform," ZEW Discussion Papers 13-078, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bofinger, Peter & Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schnabel, Isabel & Wieland, Volker, 2018. "Vor wichtigen wirtschaftspolitischen Weichenstellungen. Jahresgutachten 2018/19 [Setting the Right Course for Economic Policy. Annual Report 2018/19]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201819, September.
    2. Bültmann-Hinz, Barbara, 2018. "Staatscompliance - Update 2018: Für einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Steuerpolitik," Argumente zur Marktwirtschaft und Politik 143, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
    3. Petra Ritzer-Angerer, 2019. "Digitalisierung des Finanzsektors," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 72(20), pages 43-48, October.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Digitalisierung; Steuerpolitik; Steuervermeidung; Multinationale Unternehmen; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Unternehmensbesteuerung; Immaterielle Güter;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • H87 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

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