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Wer trägt die Lasten von Steuern auf Unternehmensgewinne? – Lehren aus den Erfahrungen mit der deutschen Gewerbesteuer

Author

Listed:
  • Clemens Fuest
  • Andreas Peichl
  • Sebastian Siegloch

Abstract

Bei den Steuersätzen auf Unternehmensgewinne besteht seit längerer Zeit ein Abwärtstrend. Angesicht der zunehmenden Mobilität von Unternehmen senken viele Länder ihre Steuern, um Investitionen und Jobs ins Land zu holen. Auch in Deutschland stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie die Steuerpolitik auf den Steuerwettbewerb reagieren und die Steuersätze auf Unternehmensgewinne senken sollte. Aber wer trägt die ökonomischen Lasten der Unternehmensbesteuerung? Nach den Schätzungen des ifo Instituts wird ein erheblicher Anteil der Unternehmensteuern nicht den Unternehmenseigner angelastet, sondern durch niedrigeres Lohnwachstum auf die Arbeitnehmer überwälzt. Die Analyse zeigt, dass steigende Gewerbesteuern vor allem bei niedrigqualifizierten Arbeitnehmern, jungen Arbeitnehmern und Frauen, die in Deutschland noch immer häufig die Rolle des Zweitverdieners haben, zu signifikant geringerem Lohnwachstum führen. Bundesländer, in denen die Kommunen besonders stark die Gewerbesteuerhebesätze anspannen, um zusätzliches Steueraufkommen zu erheben, zahlen dafür einen hohen Preis in Form niedrigerer Löhne. Deshalb sollte bei Überlegungen zur Reform des Steuersystems die erhoffte stark progressive Verteilungswirkung der Unternehmensteuern nicht im Mittelpunkt stehen, sondern die Frage, wie sich die Unternehmensbesteuerung auf die Attraktivität eines Standortes für Investitionen und die Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen auswirkt, sollte maßgeblich sein.

Suggested Citation

  • Clemens Fuest & Andreas Peichl & Sebastian Siegloch, 2017. "Wer trägt die Lasten von Steuern auf Unternehmensgewinne? – Lehren aus den Erfahrungen mit der deutschen Gewerbesteuer," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(24), pages 22-27, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:70:y:2017:i:24:p:22-27
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Giese, Henning & Heinemann-Heile, Vanessa, 2024. "Firms' willingness to pay local business tax: The impact of trust and public goods," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 287, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Unternehmen; Gewinn; Gewerbesteuer; Steuerpolitik; Steuerbelastung; Deutschland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • K34 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Tax Law

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