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Macroeconomic, Institutional and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Market Economies: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis

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  • Yilmaz Bayar

    (Usak University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey)

Abstract

Banking sector is important for various macroeconomic and microeconomic variables in terms of mobilization of funds, increasing savings, and providing alternative investment instruments suited to the every person by minimizing the risk of adverse selection and moral hazard, allocating funds to most productive projects, risk diversification. Therefore, sound functioning of the banking sector is critical especially for emerging and developing countries. This study explores the macroeconomic, institutional, and bank-specific factors behind nonperforming banking loans as an indicator of banking sector functioning in emerging market economies over the 2000-2013 period by employing the system GMM dynamic panel data estimator. Results of the dynamic panel regression analysis showed that economic growth, inflation, economic freedom (institutional development), return on assets and equity, regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets, and noninterest income to total income affected nonperforming loans negatively, while unemployment, public debt, credit growth, lagged values of nonperforming loans, cost to income ratio and financial crises affected nonperforming loans positively.

Suggested Citation

  • Yilmaz Bayar, 2019. "Macroeconomic, Institutional and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Market Economies: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 8(3), pages 95-110.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbk:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:95-110
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    Cited by:

    1. Tatarici Luminita Roxana & Kubinschi Matei Nicolae & Barnea Dinu, 2020. "Determinants of Non-Performing Loans for the EEC Region. A Financial Stability Perspective," Management & Marketing, Sciendo, vol. 15(4), pages 621-642, December.
    2. Enkhzaya Demid, 2021. "Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between NPLs and Real Economy: Evidence from the Mongolian Banking System," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(2), pages 133-155.
    3. Jean-Charles Bricongne & Mathilde Dufouleur, 2024. "Impact of Insolvency Regimes on NPLs: Two Birds in the Bush is Worth One in the Hand," Working papers 953, Banque de France.
    4. Vera Mirovic & Branimir Kalas & Ines Djokic & Nikola Milicevic & Nenad Djokic & Milos Djakovic, 2023. "Green Loans in Bank Portfolio: Financial and Marketing Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Zoran Grubišić & Sandra Kamenković & Tijana Kaličanin, 2021. "Comparative Analysis of the Banking Sector Competitiveness in Serbia and Montenegro," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(1), pages 75-91.
    6. Mihovil Anđelinović & Mihaela Milec & Ksenija Dumičić, 2022. "Analysis of the Assets, Credits and Deposits Concentration within the Croatian Banking System based on Selected Concentration Indices," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 11(1), pages 131-150.
    7. Faaza Fakhrunnas & Rindang Nuri Isnaini Nugrohowati & Razali Haron & Mohammad Bekti Hendrie Anto, 2022. "The Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in the Indonesian Banking Industry: An Asymmetric Approach Before and During the Pandemic Crisis," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, June.
    8. Hajdaraj, Besa & Aliu, Muhamet, 2023. "Impact of Covid-19 and Non-performing Loan Determinants: Case Study Republic of Kosovo," Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference (2023), Hybrid Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, in: Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference, Hybrid Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 4-6 September, 2023, pages 81-92, IRENET - Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy, Zagreb.
    9. Amina Malik & Haroon Aziz & Buerhan Saiti & Shahab Ud Din, 2021. "The Impact of Earnings variability and Regulatory Measures on Income Smoothing: Evidence from Panel Regression," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(1), pages 183-201.
    10. Amila Žunić & Kemal Kozarić & Emina Žunić Dželihodžić, 2021. "Non-Performing Loan Determinants and Impact of COVID-19: Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(3), pages 5-22.
    11. Rasa Kanapickienė & Greta Keliuotytė-Staniulėnienė & Deimantė Vasiliauskaitė & Renatas Špicas & Airidas Neifaltas & Mantas Valukonis, 2023. "Macroeconomic Factors of Consumer Loan Credit Risk in Central and Eastern European Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-32, March.
    12. Mehmet Levent Erdas & Zeynep Ezanoglu, 2022. "How Do Bank-Specific Factors Impact Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from G20 Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 11(2), pages 97-122.
    13. Mohammad Motasem ALrfai & Danilah Binti Salleh & Waeibrorheem Waemustafa, 2022. "Empirical Examination of Credit Risk Determinant of Commercial Banks in Jordan," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-11, April.
    14. Nam Pham Hai & Chi Le Ha Diem, 2024. "Credit risk of Vietnamese commercial banks: does capital structure matter?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(3), pages 272-283, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Non-performing loans; macroeconomic factors; institutional factors; bank-specific factors; economic freedom; credit risk; emerging market economies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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