Inflation et pouvoir de marché des entreprises : leçons des crises récentes

Economists and central bankers have discussed the responsibility of businesses in the inflation surge of 2022-2023. By raising their sales prices, companies may have contributed to the spread, and even the amplification, of the cost shock. Over the long term, structural changes can have strengthened the role of companies (as opposed to workers) in driving inflation, but in the short term, the link between market power and the transmission of cost shocks is ambiguous. Larger companies do charge higher prices, but they are also more able to absorb temporary shocks. In general, ?profitflation? did materialize in 2002-2023, but it seems to have been a temporary phenomenon, less pronounced in France than elsewhere in Europe. In 2024 and beyond, as energy prices normalize, wages rise, and inflation gradually returns to 2%, it will be important to closely monitor the return to normal corporate margins and to avoid downward rigidities that would sustain inflation. Competition policy can play a useful role in identifying sectoral rents and punishing behavior likely to contribute to price increases. JEL classification: E31, E64, L1.