Incitations explicites et implicites dans les universités en concurrence. Quelques pistes de réflexion

Recent reforms all over the world have deeply changed the landscape in which higher education institutions and researchers/teachers evolve. Starting from the premise that research was more significant both in volume and quality in the Anglo-Saxon world, a consensus has emerged to justify the introduction of incentives at various stages of the research process. Those explicit incentives link monetary compensations to various performance measures. Those schemes should be distinguished from the implicit incentives that are used in the u.s. in the context of a highly competitive market for teachers/researchers. There, implicit incentives link monetary compensations and careers to the opportunities and signals created on the job market. If explicit incentives appear attractive in the European context where mobility is somewhat limited, their implementation raises certain paradoxes and questions. Why is it the case that Anglo-Saxon universities do not also adopt explicit incentives on top of the existing implicit practices ? When do implicit inventives dominate explicit ones there and not here ? What is the impact of the competition between universities on the incentives mode ? Classification JEL : D 82, I 23