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Nitrite influence on fish: a review

Author

Listed:
  • H. Kroupova

    (University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic)

  • J. Machova

    (University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic)

  • Z. Svobodova

    (University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic
    University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Nitrite is an intermediate in the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate. An elevated ambient nitrite concentration is a potential problem for freshwater fish since nitrite is actively taken up across the gills in competition with chloride. Nitrite is a well-known toxicant for fish as well as a disrupter of multiple physiological functions including ion regulatory, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and excretory processes. One critical consequence of nitrite accumulation is the oxidation of haemoglobin to methaemoglobin, compromising blood oxygen transport. Nitrite toxicity to fish varies considerably and depends on a large number of external and internal factors. Among the most important ones are water quality (e.g. pH, temperature, cation, anion and oxygen concentration), length of exposure, fish species, fish size and age, and individual fish susceptibility. Chloride concentration in water is considered one of the most important factors influencing nitrite toxicity to fish. The importance of individual factors is assessed and re-evaluated continuously.

Suggested Citation

  • H. Kroupova & J. Machova & Z. Svobodova, 2005. "Nitrite influence on fish: a review," Veterinární medicína, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 50(11), pages 461-471.
    • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5650-vetmed
    DOI: 10.17221/5650-VETMED
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Z. Svobodova & J. Kolarova, 2004. "A review of the diseases and contaminant related mortalities of tench (Tinca tinca L.)," Veterinární medicína, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 49(1), pages 19-34.
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    Cited by:

    1. T. Hruskova & N. Sasakova & Z. Bujdosova & V. Kvokacka & G. Gregova & V. Verebova & M. Valko-Rokytovska & L. Takac, 2016. "Disinfection of potable water sources on animal farms and their microbiological safety," Veterinární medicína, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 61(4), pages 173-186.
    2. H. Kroupova & J. Machova & Z. Svobodova & V. Piackova & M. Smutna, 2006. "The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning," Veterinární medicína, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 51(8), pages 423-431.
    3. P. Podhorec & J. Kouril, 2009. "Induction of final oocyte maturation in Cyprinidae fish by hypothalamic factors: a review," Veterinární medicína, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 54(3), pages 97-110.

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    1. P. Podhorec & J. Kouril, 2009. "Induction of final oocyte maturation in Cyprinidae fish by hypothalamic factors: a review," Veterinární medicína, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 54(3), pages 97-110.

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