Currency Exchange in an Open-Economy Random Search Model

This paper studies how endogenous currency exchange arises in a two-country, two-currency monetary search model. Although currency exchange is widely observed in the globalized economy, Zhou (1997) is one of the exceptional studies that adopted a search model to generate currency exchange endogenously. Moreover, in her model, currency exchange occurs only in the case where agents rarely consume foreign goods, which is contrary to the well-known fact that international trade increases the number of currency exchanges. We construct a monetary search model that has a feature that increased international trade increases the volume of currency exchange. We develop a two-country model in which each country has two types of agents: local traders who consume only the goods produced in the home country, and international traders who consume only the goods produced in the foreign country. For international traders, the foreign currency gives more opportunity to obtain the foreign goods than the home currency does. Thus, when an international trader holds the home currency, he has an incentive to exchange the home currency for the foreign currency. Unlike Zhou, the model has a feature that currency exchange is more likely to occur when many agents are engaged in international trade.