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Estimating the Effect of Distance on the Migration of Higher Education Candidates

Author

Listed:
  • Lourenço Diogo

    (Centro de Economia e Finanças (CEF.UP), Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal)

  • Sá Carla

    (Núcleo de Investigação em Políticas Económicas e Empresariais (NIPE), Centro de Investigação de Políticas do Ensino Superior (CIPES), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.)

Abstract

In this paper, we use a gravity approach to study the impact of distance on desired migratory flows of candidates to undergraduate courses in Portugal. We employ a large administrative database that includes the entire population of candidates to public HE institutions in Portugal from 2008 to 2019. We document, in line with the literature, that distance is a significant deterrent to mobility, with flows showing an average elasticity to distance between −2 and −1, a value that tends to decay as distance increases. We find that flows are particularly sensitive when distance is measured by travel time. We show, however, that the deterrence effect is not homogeneous. Among other results, we identify and measure important differences across fields of education. Finally, we illustrate how using different probability density functions can be of service in finding the most appropriate gravity model specification.

Suggested Citation

  • Lourenço Diogo & Sá Carla, 2022. "Estimating the Effect of Distance on the Migration of Higher Education Candidates," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 22(4), pages 739-761, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:bejeap:v:22:y:2022:i:4:p:739-761:n:1
    DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2022-0092
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gravity models; student mobility; market segmentation; distance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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