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Cooperative strategy

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  • Richard P. Nielsen

Abstract

This article develops a classification scheme for mutual gain cooperative strategies between and among different organizations. The cooperative strategies considered are pool, exchange, de‐escalate, and experiment/contingency. These cooperative strategies are considered in four types of game/market environmental life cycle situations: positive‐sum growth, zero‐sum mature, negative‐sum decline, and transformable to positive‐sum growth. Cases from domestic and international business, nonprofit and government organizations are illustrated. Literature examples from strategic management, evolutionary biology, game theory and ecosystems theory are synthesized and used as foundation and explanation. Positive and negative public policy implications of cooperative strategy are also considered. In most, but not all, cases, cooperative strategy appears to improve value‐added efficiency in a wide variety of environments and situations.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard P. Nielsen, 1988. "Cooperative strategy," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(5), pages 475-492, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:stratm:v:9:y:1988:i:5:p:475-492
    DOI: 10.1002/smj.4250090507
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    Cited by:

    1. Weihua Liu & Jiahui Zhang & Jiahe Hou & Siyu Wang, 2021. "Effect of intelligent logistics transformation announcements on shareholder value: Evidence from Chinese listed firms," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(5), pages 1194-1219, July.
    2. Candida G. Brush & Radha Chaganti, 1997. "Cooperative Strategies in Non-High-Tech New Ventures: An Exploratory Study," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 21(2), pages 37-54, January.
    3. Augustine A. Lado & George S. Vozikis, 1997. "Transfer of Technology to Promote Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: An Integration and Proposed Framework," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 21(2), pages 55-72, January.
    4. Jarryd Daymond & Eric Knight & Maria Rumyantseva & Steven Maguire, 2023. "Managing ecosystem emergence and evolution: Strategies for ecosystem architects," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(4), pages 1-27, April.

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