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The Impact of Direct Election on Reform Votes in the U.S. Senate

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  • Francine Sanders Romero

Abstract

Objective. This investigation examines the extent to which direct election rendered the U.S. Senate more supportive of Progressive reforms, as indicated through roll‐call outcomes. Methods. Pre‐ and postaggregate support coalitions are compared in a 16‐year period bifurcated by passage of the Seventeenth Amendment (1905–1921), utilizing difference in means and ordinary least squares regression. An alternate test considers the aggregate impact of the rising percentage of states adopting pre‐Amendment direct‐election mechanisms. A difference in means test between Senate and House votes on similar bills is also provided. Results. Neither the Amendment nor the statewide movement toward direct election exerted the conventionally assumed, positive impact on reform support; House and Senate support scores were similar throughout the period. Conclusions. The data suggest a strong pro‐reform tendency in the Senate throughout the timeframe. The probable reason direct election demonstrates so little of the expected impact on outcomes is that the Senate had already begun to move in that direction.

Suggested Citation

  • Francine Sanders Romero, 2007. "The Impact of Direct Election on Reform Votes in the U.S. Senate," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 88(3), pages 816-829, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:88:y:2007:i:3:p:816-829
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00484.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexander Dyck & David Moss & Luigi Zingales, 2013. "Media versus Special Interests," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 56(3), pages 521-553.

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