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Malthus in Sweden

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  • Nils-Petter Lagerlöf

Abstract

This paper presents some new and unique cross-county data from 19th-century Sweden over birth, death, and marriage rates, grain prices, and harvests. Local grain prices correlate negatively with local harvests, suggesting imperfectly integrated food markets. The so-called positive and preventive checks are also present: good local harvests are associated with high birth and marriage rates, and low death rates. We also find that the fertility and marriage effects from changes in prices – but not harvests – are greater in counties that rely more on manufacturing, consistent with an open-economy model of fertility choice, where agents earn income from both agriculture and manufacturing.

Suggested Citation

  • Nils-Petter Lagerlöf, 2015. "Malthus in Sweden," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 117(4), pages 1091-1133, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:scandj:v:117:y:2015:i:4:p:1091-1133
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/sjoe.12119
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