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COVID‐19 and the fate of Moroccan female‐led firms: Regional level evidence

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  • Imane Elouardighi
  • Kenza Oubejja

Abstract

This study examines the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on Moroccan female‐led firms, considering both short‐term and long‐term impacts. It investigates the influence of different pandemic waves on these firms, taking into account their size and location, to gain valuable insights into their crisis management strategies. Using a micro‐level database made up of 1,096 Moroccan firms observed during the initial three waves of the pandemic, we extract data from the World Bank ‘Enterprise Survey: impact on firms’ database. Our analysis, using a logit model, reveals that the impact of the pandemic varied by the gender of the firm head and survey period. Female‐led firms were more severely affected by the health crisis compared with their male peers. The quick application of policy adaptations played a crucial role in reducing the impact of the health crisis on male‐led enterprises. Small firms, particularly those situated in regions such as Beni Mellal‐Khenifra, Drâa‐Tafilalet, Oriental, and Marrakech‐Safi, have been significantly affected by the COVID‐19 crisis. This study makes two key contributions. Firstly, it provides an empirical analysis of the pandemic's impact on Moroccan firms using enterprise‐level data, which is unprecedented in Morocco. Secondly, it investigates the repercussions of the pandemic on female‐led Moroccan firms of varying sizes and regions, acknowledging the disproportionate impact on women during economic crises. The study aims to offer valuable insights for supporting the recovery of female‐led firms in the future. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeted assistance for small firms and those located in affected regions to mitigate the crisis's consequences and promote economic revival. These businesses play a crucial role in the local economy, and supporting their survival and resilience in the post‐COVID‐19 era is essential. Este estudio examina los efectos de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) en las empresas marroquíes dirigidas por mujeres, para lo cual considera tanto las repercusiones a corto como a largo plazo. En él se investiga la influencia en estas empresas de las distintas oleadas de la pandemia, teniendo en cuenta su tamaño y ubicación, para obtener valiosas perspectivas sobre sus estrategias de gestión de crisis. Se partió de una base de datos a nivel micro constituida por 1.096 empresas marroquíes observadas durante las tres oleadas iniciales de la pandemia, y con ella se extrajeron datos de la base de datos ‘Enterprise Survey: impact on firms’ del Banco Mundial. El análisis utilizó un modelo logit y mostró que el impacto de la pandemia varió en función del género del jefe de la empresa y del periodo de la encuesta. Las empresas dirigidas por mujeres se vieron más afectadas por la crisis sanitaria que las dirigidas por hombres. La rápida aplicación de adaptaciones políticas desempeñó un papel crucial en la reducción del impacto de la crisis sanitaria sobre las empresas dirigidas por hombres. Las pequeñas empresas, sobre todo las situadas en regiones como Beni Mellal‐Khenifra, Drâa‐Tafilalet, Oriental y Marrakech‐Safi, se vieron muy afectadas por la crisis del COVID‐19. Este estudio aporta dos contribuciones clave. En primer lugar, ofrece un análisis empírico del impacto de la pandemia en las empresas marroquíes utilizando datos a nivel de empresa, algo sin precedentes en Marruecos. En segundo lugar, investiga las repercusiones de la pandemia en las empresas marroquíes de distintos tamaños y regiones dirigidas por mujeres, y reconoce el impacto desproporcionado en las mujeres durante las crisis económicas. El estudio trata de ofrecer aportaciones valiosas para apoyar la recuperación de las empresas dirigidas por mujeres en el futuro. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de la ayuda específica a las pequeñas empresas y a las situadas en las regiones afectadas para mitigar las consecuencias de la crisis y fomentar la reactivación económica. Estas empresas desempeñan un papel crucial en la economía local, por lo que es esencial apoyar su supervivencia y resiliencia en la era posterior a COVID‐19. 本稿では、新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID‐19)のパンデミックがモロッコの女性主導の企業に与えた影響を、短期的および長期的の両方のインパクトを考慮して検討する。この調査では、これらの企業の規模と立地を考慮して、危機管理戦略に関する重要な見識を得るために、パンデミックの波がこれらの企業に与える影響を検討する。パンデミックの最初の3つの波の間にモロッコの1,096の企業から得られたデータから成るマイクロレベルのデータベースを使用して、World Bank Enterprise SurveyのImpact on firmsデータベースからデータを抽出する。ロジットモデルを用いた我々の分析から、企業トップの性別と調査期間によってパンデミックの影響が異なることが明らかになった。女性主導の企業は、男性主導の企業と比較して、健康危機の影響がより深刻であった。男性主導の企業では、政策の適応を迅速に行うことが、健康危機の影響を減らす上で重要な役割を果たした。特にベニ・メラル=ヘニフラ、ドラア=タフィラレット、オリアンタル、マラケシュ=サフィなどの地域にある小規模企業は、COVID‐19危機の影響を大きく受けている。本研究の主な貢献は2つある。1つは、企業レベルのデータを用いてモロッコ企業に対するパンデミックの影響の実証分析を行ったが、これはモロッコでは前例のないことである。2つめは、様々な規模または立地が異なる女性主導のモロッコ企業に対するパンデミックの影響の調査から、経済危機における女性に対して偏った影響があることが認められた。本研究は、将来の女性主導の企業の回復を支援するための重要な見識を得ることを目的としている。我々の調査結果から、危機の影響を緩和し経済復興を促進するために、小規模企業や被害を受けた地域に立地する企業を対象とした支援の重要性が強調される。これらの企業は地域経済において重要な役割を果たしており、ポストコロナの時代にこれらの企業が存続し回復する支援をすることが不可欠である。

Suggested Citation

  • Imane Elouardighi & Kenza Oubejja, 2023. "COVID‐19 and the fate of Moroccan female‐led firms: Regional level evidence," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(8), pages 1740-1767, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:1740-1767
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12703
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