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Estimating labour‐income‐based inequality of opportunity for a selection of EU‐SILC countries: National and urban–rural perspectives

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  • Zbigniew Mogila
  • Patricia C. Melo
  • José M. Gaspar

Abstract

This paper measures the extent of inequality of opportunity at the national level and by degree of urbanization. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‐SILC), we implement regression models to measure the share of the variation in individuals’ labour income that is due to uncontrollable circumstances, namely the relative importance of parental education, activity status of parents, occupation of father and household financial situation. Our results indicate that the level of inequality of opportunity at the country level ranges between 5% and 26% for the sample of countries studied. The analysis by degree of urbanization does not provide evidence of cities as social elevators compared with less urbanized regions. Este artículo mide el grado de desigualdad de oportunidades a nivel nacional y por grado de urbanización. Utilizando datos de las Estadísticas de la Unión Europea sobre la Renta y las Condiciones de Vida (EU‐SILC), se aplicaron modelos de regresión para medir la parte de la variación de los ingresos laborales individuales debidos a circunstancias no controlables, como la importancia relativa de la educación de los padres, la situación de actividad de los padres, la ocupación del padre y la situación financiera del hogar. Los resultados indican que el nivel de desigualdad de oportunidades a nivel de país se sitúa entre el 5% y el 26% para la muestra de países estudiada. El análisis por grado de urbanización no aporta pruebas de que las ciudades sean ascensores sociales en comparación con las regiones menos urbanizadas. 本稿では、国レベルで及び都市化の程度で、機会の不平等の程度を測定する。European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‐SILC；欧州所得・生活水準統計)のデータを用いて、回帰モデルを用いて、個人の労働所得の制御不能な状況別、すなわち両親の教育水準の相対的重要度、両親の活動状況、父親の職業、世帯の財政状況別の割合を測定する。結果から、調査対象の国のサンプルでは、国レベルでの機会の不平等のレベルが5%から26%の範囲であることが示される。都市化の程度による分析からは、都市化の程度が低い地域との比較においても、都市が社会エレベーターとなっていることを示すエビデンスは得られなかった。

Suggested Citation

  • Zbigniew Mogila & Patricia C. Melo & José M. Gaspar, 2022. "Estimating labour‐income‐based inequality of opportunity for a selection of EU‐SILC countries: National and urban–rural perspectives," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(5), pages 1158-1187, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1158-1187
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12505
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    References listed on IDEAS

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