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Policy implementation through performance measurement: A study of water pollution remediation in China's Huai River Basin

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  • Boying Li
  • Shui‐Yan Tang
  • Feng Wang
  • Haitao Yin

Abstract

Performance‐oriented management has been proposed as a remedy to policy implementation failure, which is a persuasive woe globally. Recent scholarship on policy implementation through performance measurement and management focuses on client‐oriented services, with less attention paid to the inadequacy of performance indicators in covering all desirable policy goals and in incentivizing all government officials in a non‐client‐oriented service arena, for instance, environmental governance. Based on station‐level water quality data before and after the implementation of China's Huai River Basin Water Quality Accountability Program, we utilize a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) method to investigate how various water quality indicators in the Huai River Basin (HRB) have responded to the new personnel‐based performance measurement system which aimed to enhance environmental policy implementation at the local level. We show that the program succeeded in motivating government officials to meet targeted indicators, but it also led to the worsening of non‐targeted ones. We also find that the impact of this personnel‐based program was sensitive to personal and contextual factors: it affected younger local officials more strongly than those who were older and saw a more limited prospect for promotion. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the personnel‐based measurement system, which may be considered by other countries, particularly those with authoritarian regimes and significant policy implementation failures. At the same time, complementary measures such as institutional arrangements that discover and report omitted important performance aspects, should be considered to safeguard the possible pitfalls of the system. 政策执行不力是一个全球性的问题,基于绩效的管理被视为应对此问题的一种补救措施。近期关于利用绩效指标和绩效管理来强化政策执行的学术研究聚焦于以客户为导向的服务领域,而较少关注绩效指标如何实现所有的期望政策目标,以及如何在非客户导向的服务领域(例如环境治理)中激励所有政府官员。本文基于中国淮河流域水质目标责任考核项目实施前、后监测站层面的水质数据,采用双重差分法(DiD),研究在地区层面实施旨在强化环境 相关水质指标的变化。研究发现,该项目成功激励了政府官员改善考核性水质指标,但同时也导致了非考核性指标的恶化。本文还发现,这种基于人员的绩效考核项目的效果受官员个人因素和情境因素的影响,具体来说 相较晋升前景更为有限的年长地方官员,年轻地方官员所受的政策影响更大。这项研究为基于人员的绩效考核体系的有效性提供了实证证据,可为世界其他国家,尤其是那些中央集权制国家和经历过重大政策执行失败的国家提供政策参考。同时,为有效避免基于人员的绩效考核体系的潜在问题,政策制定者应考虑采取补充性的政策措施,诸如在制度安排中更多地关注易被遗漏、但对环境治理具有重要意义的绩效指标。 La gestión orientada al desempeño se ha propuesto como un remedio para el fracaso en la implementación de políticas, que es un problema persuasivo a nivel mundial. Los estudios recientes sobre la implementación de políticas a través de la gestión y la medición del desempeño se centran en los servicios orientados al cliente, prestando menos atención a la insuficiencia de los indicadores de desempeño para cubrir todos los objetivos de política deseables y en incentivar a todos los funcionarios gubernamentales en un ámbito de servicio no orientado al cliente, por ejemplo., gobernanza ambiental. Con base en los datos de calidad del agua a nivel de estación antes y después de la implementación del Programa de responsabilidad de la calidad del agua de la cuenca del río Huai de China, utilizamos un método de diferencias en diferencias (DiD) para investigar cómo varios indicadores de calidad del agua en la cuenca del río Huai (HRB) han respondido al nuevo sistema de medición del desempeño basado en el personal que tenía como objetivo mejorar la implementación de la política ambiental a nivel local. Mostramos que el programa logró motivar a los funcionarios gubernamentales a cumplir con los indicadores previstos, pero también condujo al empeoramiento de los indicadores no previstos. También encontramos que el impacto de este programa basado en el personal fue sensible a factores personales y contextuales: afectó más a los funcionarios locales más jóvenes que a los de mayor edad y vio una perspectiva más limitada de promoción. Estos hallazgos brindan evidencia de la efectividad del sistema de medición basado en el personal, que puede ser considerado por otros países, particularmente aquellos con regímenes autoritarios y fallas significativas en la implementación de políticas. Al mismo tiempo, medidas complementarias tales como arreglos institucionales que descubran y reporten aspectos de desempeño importantes omitidos, deben ser consideradas para salvaguardar las posibles trampas del sistema.

Suggested Citation

  • Boying Li & Shui‐Yan Tang & Feng Wang & Haitao Yin, 2024. "Policy implementation through performance measurement: A study of water pollution remediation in China's Huai River Basin," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 41(1), pages 210-238, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:41:y:2024:i:1:p:210-238
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12496
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