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On‐Bill Financing Programs to Support Low‐Carbon Energy Technologies: An Agent‐Oriented Assessment

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  • Luis Mundaca
  • Sarah Kloke

Abstract

On‐bill financing (OBF) schemes have been welcomed as innovative mechanisms for encouraging the adoption of low‐carbon energy technologies. Yet while the potential effects of these schemes have received growing attention, less is known about their actual performance. Departing from New Institutional Economics and insights from Behavioral Economics, this theory‐driven assessment examines the How$mart® program in Kansas (United States) and the Green Deal in the United Kingdom. The study identifies the mechanisms designed to trigger behavioral change and technology adoption. We focus on market agents, and related market failures and behavioral anomalies that often prevent energy efficiency improvements. The paper adds to our theoretical and empirical understanding of public and utility‐driven OBF programs applied to the residential sector. Our findings suggest that simple, carefully designed on‐bill programs, where the financing of efficient technologies takes the form of a service rather than a loan, are more effective for the diffusion of low‐carbon energy technology and the reduction of transaction costs. At the same time, on bill‐financing schemes challenge the core business of utilities, and given the complexities and dynamics of energy efficiency markets and energy use, other policy interventions are needed. 支持低碳能源技术的账单融资计划:一项以agent为导向的评估 “账单上融资”(On‐bill financing)计划一直以来因作为一种鼓励采用低碳能源技术的创新机制而受到欢迎。然而, 当此计划的潜在效果受到越来越多关注时, 计划的表现却越来越不受重视。本文从新制度经济学和交易成本分析出发, 用理论评估方法检验了美国堪萨斯州的How$mart®计划和英国的“绿色协议”(Green Deal )。本文识别了能触发行为变化和技术采纳的机制。笔者聚焦于市场代理和, 相关的市场失败及行为异常, 后者通常阻碍了能源效率的提升。本文从理论和实证上增进了我们对由公共事业驱动的账单融资计划(应用于居民部门)的理解。研究结果表明, 简易且用心设计的账单融资计划在进行高效技术融资时是以服务而非贷款的方式呈现, 这样便更加有效地促进了低碳能源技术扩散和交易成本减少。与此同时, 账单融资计划对公共事业的核心业务发起挑战;考虑到能源效率市场和能源使用的复杂性和动态, 我们还需要其他政策干预措施。 Programas de pago a través de factura para apoyar las tecnologías bajas en carbono: una evaluación orientada en agentes Los esquemas de financiación a través de factura han sido bienvenidos como mecanismos innovadores para fomentar la adopción de tecnologías bajas en carbono. Sin embargo, mientras los efectos potenciales de estos esquemas han recibido más y más atención, se sabe menos acerca de su desempeño real. Basándose en la Nueva Economía Institucional y elementos de Economía del Comportamiento, esta evaluación basada en teorías examina el programa How$mart® en Kansas (Estados Unidos) y el Green Deal en el Reino Unido. El estudio identifica los mecanismos designados a desencadenar cambios de comportamiento y adopción de tecnología. Nos enfocamos en agentes del Mercado y fallas del Mercado relacionadas y anomalías de comportamiento que a menudo previenen las mejoras de eficiencia de energía. Este documento añade a nuestro entendimiento teórico y empírico de los programas públicos de financiación a través de la factura que se aplican al sector residencial. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los programas de pago a través de la factura simples y diseñados cuidadosamente, donde la financiación de tecnologías eficientes toma la forma de un servicio y no de un préstamo, son más efectivos para la difusión de tecnologías de energía con bajo uso de carbono y la reducción de costos de transacción. Al mismo tiempo, los esquemas de financiación a través de la factura compiten contra la actividad comercial principal de las utilidades y dadas las complejidades y dinámicas de los mercados de eficiencia energética y el uso de energía, otras intervenciones políticas se necesitan.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Mundaca & Sarah Kloke, 2018. "On‐Bill Financing Programs to Support Low‐Carbon Energy Technologies: An Agent‐Oriented Assessment," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(4), pages 502-534, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:502-534
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12302
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    1. Kamal, Hasan Zulfiquar & Abu-Hijleh, Bassam, 2022. "Feasibility analysis of implementing an On Bill Financing program to promote energy-efficiency in Dubai-UAE," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).

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