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Measuring the Relationship between State Environmental Justice Action and Air Pollution Inequality, 1990–2009

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  • Clair Bullock
  • Kerry Ard
  • Grace Saalman

Abstract

Over 20 years have passed since Executive Order 12898 put environmental justice (EJ) issues on the policy agenda. Since this time, EJ has technically remained a policy priority at all levels of government. However, despite this apparent commitment to EJ, research has shown over the decades after the passage of the Executive Order, we still see persistent trends in inequality of air pollution exposure by race. This begs the question: are EJ policies actually working to create environmentally just outcomes? This article seeks to evaluate this question by examining the impact of state EJ policies on disproportionate exposure to air pollution, with the goal of understanding what types of state actions, if any, are associated with decreases in pollution inequality.è¡¡é‡ 1990–2009 å¹´æœŸé—´å›½å®¶çŽ¯å¢ƒæ­£ä¹‰è¡ŒåŠ¨å’Œç©ºæ°”æ±¡æŸ“ä¸ å¹³ç­‰ä¹‹é—´çš„å…³ç³» 自第 12898 å ·è¡Œæ”¿å‘½ä»¤å°†çŽ¯å¢ƒæ­£ä¹‰ï¼ˆenvironmental justice, EJï¼‰è®®é¢˜çº³å…¥æ”¿ç­–è®®é¢˜å Žå·²è¿‡åŽ»äº†20多年。自此, çŽ¯å¢ƒæ­£ä¹‰ä¸€ç›´æ˜¯å „çº§æ”¿åºœçš„æ”¿ç­–é‡ ç‚¹ã€‚ç„¶è€Œ, å°½ç®¡æ”¿åºœè¡¨é ¢ä¸Šæ‰¿è¯ºçŽ¯å¢ƒæ­£ä¹‰, ä½†ç ”ç©¶å ‘çŽ°, åœ¨è¡Œæ”¿å‘½ä»¤é¢ å¸ƒçš„å‡ å å¹´å Ž, å „ç§ æ— é ¢ä¸´çš„ç©ºæ°”æ±¡æŸ“ä¸ å¹³ç­‰ä¾ ç„¶å­˜åœ¨æŒ ç»­çš„è¶‹åŠ¿ã€‚è¿™ä¸ ç¦ å¼•äººå ‘é—®ï¼šçŽ¯å¢ƒæ­£ä¹‰æ”¿ç­–çœŸçš„åœ¨åˆ›é€ çŽ¯å¢ƒæ­£ä¹‰çš„ç»“æžœå —ï¼Ÿä¸ºå›žç­”è¿™ä¸€é—®é¢˜, æœ¬æ–‡æ£€éªŒäº†å›½å®¶çŽ¯å¢ƒæ­£ä¹‰æ”¿ç­–å¯¹ä¸ å ‡è¡¡ç©ºæ°”æ±¡æŸ“äº§ç”Ÿçš„å½±å“ , ç›®çš„æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†ç †è§£å›½å®¶åœ¨å‡ å°‘æ±¡æŸ“ä¸ å¹³ç­‰ä¸Šçš„è¡ŒåŠ¨æœ‰å“ªäº›, å¦‚æžœæœ‰çš„è¯ ã€‚Medir La Relación Entre La Acción De Aplicación De Justicia Del Estado y La Desigualdad De La Polución Del Aire, 1990–2009 Más de 20 años han pasado desde que la orden ejecutiva 12898 metió los temas de la justicia ambiental (EJ) en la agenda política. Desde entonces la justicia ambiental ha permanecido técnicamente una prioridad política en todos los niveles del gobierno. Sin embargo, a pesar de su compromiso aparente con la EJ, la investigación ha mostrado, a través de las tres décadas después de la aprobación de la Orden Ejecutiva, que todavía vemos tendencias persistentes en la desigualdad en la exposición a la polución del aire de acuerdo con la raza. Esto hace inevitable la siguiente pregunta: ¿Las políticas de justicia ambiental funcionan de verdad para crear resultados ambientalmente justos? Este documento busca evaluar esta pregunta al examinar el impacto de las políticas de justicia ambiental en la exposición desproporcionada, con el objetivo de comprender qué tipo de acciones del estado, si las hubiera, están asociadas con las reducciones de desigualdad de la polución.

Suggested Citation

  • Clair Bullock & Kerry Ard & Grace Saalman, 2018. "Measuring the Relationship between State Environmental Justice Action and Air Pollution Inequality, 1990–2009," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(3), pages 466-490, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:466-490
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12292
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