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Identifying the Causes of Issue Attention and Policy Change: Evidence from U.S. Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Policy, 2008

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  • Tyler Hughes

Abstract

The flow of attention in the policy process is dynamic and disruptive. While we know changes in issue attention often result in policy change, the causal mechanisms underlying the different stages of the attention allocation process remain unclear. This article uses Punctuated Equilibrium Theory to examine an underdeveloped aspect of issue attention within policy†making institutions: how specific policy indicators influence the entry and exit of issues on policy†making agendas. Partisan issue attention in the House of Representatives is used to analyze a significant change to U.S. offshore oil and natural gas drilling policy in 2008. The results highlight how historically high gasoline prices precipitated a shift in attention to offshore drilling and subsequent policy change. Moreover, gasoline prices Granger†cause attention to energy policy in partisan speeches over time. The analysis further reveals how competing policy frames and a salient focusing event shaped congressional and public discourse, leading to subsequent changes in attention. Taken together, the findings broaden our understanding of the policy process by identifying the specific forces behind the entry and exit of issues on the policy†making agenda.è¯†åˆ«è®®é¢˜å…³æ³¨å’Œæ”¿ç­–å ˜åŒ–çš„èµ·å› ï¼šæ ¥è‡ª2008å¹´ç¾Žå›½æµ·æ´‹çŸ³æ²¹å’Œå¤©ç„¶æ°”é’»äº•æ”¿ç­–çš„è¯ æ˜Ž æ”¿ç­–è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸­è®®é¢˜å…³æ³¨çš„æµ åŠ¨æ€§æ—¢æ˜¯åŠ¨æ€ çš„, å ˆæ˜¯å¼•èµ·æ··ä¹±çš„ã€‚è™½ç„¶æˆ‘ä»¬çŸ¥é “è®®é¢˜å…³æ³¨ï¼ˆissue attentionï¼‰çš„æ”¹å ˜æ—¶å¸¸ä¼šå¯¼è‡´æ”¿ç­–å ˜åŒ–, ä½†æˆ‘ä»¬ä¾ ç„¶ä¸ æ¸…æ¥šåœ¨å…³æ³¨åˆ†é… è¿‡ç¨‹ï¼ˆattention allocation process ï¼‰çš„ä¸ å Œé˜¶æ®µä¸­éš è— çš„å› æžœæœºåˆ¶ã€‚æœ¬æ–‡ä½¿ç”¨é—´æ–­å¹³è¡¡ç †è®ºæ£€éªŒæ”¿ç­–åˆ¶å®šæœºæž„å†…æœ‰å…³è®®é¢˜å…³æ³¨çš„æŸ ä¸ªä» éœ€ç ”ç©¶çš„æ–¹é ¢ï¼šç‰¹å®šæ”¿ç­–æŒ‡æ ‡å¦‚ä½•å½±å“ æ”¿ç­–åˆ¶å®šè®®ç¨‹ï¼ˆpolicy†making agenda)这一议题的开始和退出(entry and exit of issues)?本文使用众议院内的党派议题关注, åˆ†æž äº†2008å¹´ç¾Žå›½æµ·æ´‹çŸ³æ²¹å’Œå¤©ç„¶æ°”é’»äº•æ”¿ç­–å ‘ç”Ÿçš„æ˜¾è‘—æ”¹å ˜ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ç»“æžœå¼ºè°ƒäº†çŸ³æ²¹ä»·æ ¼è¾¾åˆ°åŽ†å ²æ–°é«˜ä¸€äº‹å¦‚ä½•ä½¿å¾—å…šæ´¾å…³æ³¨è¿…é€Ÿè½¬å ˜åˆ°è¿‘æµ·é’»äº•å’Œéš å Žçš„æ”¿ç­–å ˜åŒ–ã€‚ä¸ ä»…å¦‚æ­¤, éš ç €æ—¶é—´æŽ¨ç§», çŸ³æ²¹ä»·æ ¼èƒ½ä¸Žå…šæ´¾è¯ è¯­ä¸­å¯¹èƒ½æº æ”¿ç­–çš„å…³æ³¨åº¦äº§ç”Ÿæ ¼å…°æ °å› æžœå…³ç³»ï¼ˆGranger†causeï¼‰ã€‚æ­¤åˆ†æž è¿›ä¸€æ­¥æ ­ç¤ºäº†ç›¸äº’ç«žäº‰çš„æ”¿ç­–æ¡†æž¶å’Œé‡ å¤§çª å ‘äº‹ä»¶å¦‚ä½•å½±å“ å›½ä¼šå’Œå…¬å…±è¯ è¯­, å¯¼è‡´éš å Žåœ¨å…³æ³¨åº¦ä¸Šå ‘ç”Ÿçš„å ˜åŒ–ã€‚æ€»è€Œè¨€ä¹‹, 政策制定议程这一议题的开始和退出都存在特定的驱动力, 通过识别出这些驱动力, æœ¬ç ”ç©¶æ‹“å®½äº†æˆ‘ä»¬å¯¹æ”¿ç­–è¿‡ç¨‹çš„ç †è§£ã€‚Identificando las causas de la atención a temas y cambios políticos: evidencia obtenida de la política de extracción de petróleo y gas natural costa afuera de 2008 El flujo de atención en el proceso político es dinámico y disruptivo. A pesar de que sepamos que los cambios en atención a los temas resultan a menudo en cambios políticos, los mecanismos causales que están por debajo de las diferentes etapas del proceso de asignar atención permanecen inciertos. Este artículo utiliza la teoría del equilibrio puntuado para examinar un aspecto subdesarrollado de la atención a temas dentro de las instituciones de creación de políticas: cómo los indicadores políticos específicos influencian la entrada y salida de problemas en las agendas de creación de políticas. La atención a problemas partidistas en la Cámara de Representantes se usa para analizar un cambio significativo a la política de perforación costa afuera de petróleo y gas natural en 2008. Los resultados resaltan cómo los precios históricamente altos de la gasolina apresuraron un cambio en atención a la perforación costa afuera y el cambio político posterior. Adicionalmente, los precios de la gasolina tienen el efecto causal de Granger en la atención a la política de energía en discursos partidistas con el tiempo. El análisis revela adicionalmente cómo los marcos políticos rivales y un enfoque destacado dieron forma al discurso público y del congreso, lo que llevó a cambios subsiguientes en atención. En conjunto, los hallazgos amplían nuestro entendimiento del proceso político al identificar las fuerzas específicas detrás de la entrada y salida de temas en la agenda de creación de políticas.

Suggested Citation

  • Tyler Hughes, 2018. "Identifying the Causes of Issue Attention and Policy Change: Evidence from U.S. Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Policy, 2008," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(1), pages 170-188, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:35:y:2018:i:1:p:170-188
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12260
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    1. Dehler-Holland, Joris & Okoh, Marvin & Keles, Dogan, 2022. "Assessing technology legitimacy with topic models and sentiment analysis – The case of wind power in Germany," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).

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