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Real Estate and Consumption Growth as Common Risk Factors in Asset Pricing Models

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  • Benoît Carmichael
  • Alain Coën

Abstract

Using a linear multifactor pricing model, we study the influence of equity market, the consumption growth and the return on real estate wealth on asset returns. The real estate risk factor is proxied alternatively by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) index, unlevered NAREIT index and National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries property index. Estimates are based on CRSP's monthly decile portfolio returns from January 1972 to December 2013 (including the Vintage REIT era and the New REIT era). Generalized method of moment results show that the real estate factor is particularly useful to explain the cross‐sectional variation of returns in the last two decades generally associated with the so‐called real estate bubble.

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  • Benoît Carmichael & Alain Coën, 2018. "Real Estate and Consumption Growth as Common Risk Factors in Asset Pricing Models," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 46(4), pages 936-970, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:46:y:2018:i:4:p:936-970
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.12160
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    Cited by:

    1. Sing, Tien Foo & Wang, Long, 2021. "Spillovers of Non-Fundamental Risks: The Tale of Two Securitized Real Estate Markets," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 24(2), pages 185-220.
    2. Arnaud Dufays & Elysee Aristide Houndetoungan & Alain Coën, 2022. "Selective Linear Segmentation for Detecting Relevant Parameter Changes [Risks and Portfolio Decisions Involving Hedge Funds]," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(4), pages 762-805.
    3. Jie Chen & William Hardin & Mingzhi Hu, 2020. "Housing, Wealth, Income and Consumption: China and Homeownership Heterogeneity," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 48(2), pages 373-405, June.
    4. Carmichael, Benoît & Coën, Alain, 2020. "Real estate as a common risk factor in the financial sector: International evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    5. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Chiah, Mardy & Docherty, Paul & Zhong, Angel, 2021. "Betting against bank profitability," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 304-323.
    6. Lian, Ziying & Cai, Jun & Webb, Robert I., 2020. "Oil stocks, risk factors, and tail behavior," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    7. Martin Hauptfleisch, 2019. "Financial Decision-Making Using Data," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 6-2019, January-A.
    8. Coën, Alain & Desfleurs, Aurélie, 2024. "Geopolitical risk and the dynamics of REITs returns," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    9. Yang, Huan & Cai, Jun & Huang, Lin & Marcus, Alan J., 2021. "Bank stocks, risk factors, and tail behavior," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 203-229.

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