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Education stock and its implication for income inequality: The case of Asian economies

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  • Noman Arshed
  • Awais Anwar
  • Muhammad Shahid Hassan
  • Samra Bukhari

Abstract

This study develops a quadratic relationship between education and income inequality among Asian developing economies for the period from 1960 to 2015. Panel cointegration and fully modified OLS is applied for the estimation of long‐run coefficients. The results show that initial, primary, secondary, and tertiary enrollment increases inequality. However, the effect of education on income inequality becomes negative after a certain threshold level (i.e., 97.5% for primary, 43.5% for secondary, and 11% for tertiary). Thus, this result proves the Kuznets phenomenon of an inverted U‐shape relationship for primary, secondary, and tertiary enrollments.

Suggested Citation

  • Noman Arshed & Awais Anwar & Muhammad Shahid Hassan & Samra Bukhari, 2019. "Education stock and its implication for income inequality: The case of Asian economies," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 1050-1066, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:1050-1066
    DOI: 10.1111/rode.12585
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kuok Ho Daniel Tang, 2023. "Attitudes towards Plastic Pollution: A Review and Mitigations beyond Circular Economy," Waste, MDPI, vol. 1(2), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Muhammad Shahid Hassan & Haider Mahmood & Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Noman Arshed & Doaa H. I. Mahmoud, 2021. "Investment Portfolio, Democratic Accountability, Poverty and Income Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: A Way to Social Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Muhammad Shahid Hassan & Samra Bukhari & Noman Arshed, 2020. "Competitiveness, governance and globalization: What matters for poverty alleviation?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 3491-3518, April.
    4. Yeycol Leiva & Gabriel Pino, 2020. "Analysis of the impact of school performance on income inequality in the long run: An application to Chilean municipalities," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(3), pages 1045-1080, September.
    5. Humaira Kamal Pasha, 2024. "Gender Differences in Education: Are Girls Neglected in Pakistani Society?," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 3466-3511, March.
    6. Yu-Ke, Chen & Hassan, Muhammad Shahid & Kalim, Rukhsana & Mahmood, Haider & Arshed, Noman & Salman, Muhammad, 2022. "Testing asymmetric influence of clean and unclean energy for targeting environmental quality in environmentally poor economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 765-775.
    7. Noman Arshed & Ramla Rauf & Samra Bukhari, 2024. "Empirical Contribution of Human Capital in Entrepreneurship," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 25(3), pages 683-704, June.
    8. Rukhsana Kalim & Noman Arshed & Waqas Ahmad, 2021. "Aligning the Real Sector Production with Human Development: Exploring Role of Multi-sector Collaboration," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 157(3), pages 955-976, October.
    9. Wang, RuoPeng & Kimura, Shin, 2024. "Rethinking the role of government in education: Private education tuition waivers and public education," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    10. Hafsa Qaiser & Hafeez ur Rehman & Noman Arshed, 2023. "Role of institutional quality on women's empowerment—A case of highly gender unequal Asian countries," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 48-75, March.
    11. Mansi Wang & Noman Arshed & Mubbasher Munir & Samma Faiz Rasool & Weiwen Lin, 2021. "Investigation of the STIRPAT model of environmental quality: a case of nonlinear quantile panel data analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 12217-12232, August.
    12. Nefo Indra Nizar & Nunung Nuryartono & Bambang Juanda & Akhmad Fauzi, 2024. "Can Knowledge and Culture Eradicate Poverty and Reduce Income Inequality? The Evidence from Indonesia," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 6425-6450, June.
    13. Noman Arshed & Sidra Nasir & Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed, 2022. "Impact of the External Debt on Standard of Living: A Case of Asian Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 163(1), pages 321-340, August.
    14. Tehmina Zahid & Noman Arshed & Mubbasher Munir & Kamran Hameed, 2021. "Role of energy consumption preferences on human development: a study of SAARC region," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 121-144, February.

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