The ‘New Terrorism’: Revolution or Evolution?

It is essential to understand the concept of the ‘new terrorism’, since it has fostered a paradigm shift in the way that academics, policy makers and counter‐terrorism professionals conceive of the contemporary threat. Capturing the notion that there has been a revolutionary change in the nature of terrorism, it now plays a pre‐eminent role in shaping counter‐terrorism policy. However, despite the attractive simplicity of the concept, there are good reasons to question the assumption that the actual behaviour of terrorist groups has fundamentally altered. Indeed, an analysis of the history of terrorism shows that many of the supposed hallmarks of the ‘new terrorism’ have been seen in the past. As a consequence, the concept of the ‘new terrorism’ should be viewed with some scepticism, as it unduly exaggerates the unprecedented nature of the contemporary terrorist threat and needlessly leads policy makers to reject the relevance of historical counter‐terrorism lessons.