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The Unintended Consequence of Stringent Immigration Enforcement on Staffing Levels in Nursing Homes: Evidence from Secure Communities

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  • Christian Gunadi

Abstract

The provision of healthcare in the United States is increasingly reliant on immigrant workers. In this paper, I examine the impact of Secure Communities, a major immigration enforcement program designed to check the immigration status of all individuals arrested by local police, on staffing levels in nursing homes. Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy that exploits the staggered activation of Secure Communities across US counties, I found that the program reduced directcare staff hours per resident day by 0.073, an approximately 2% decline relative to the mean of treatment counties in the baseline period. This finding suggests that stringent immigration enforcement may exacerbate the healthcare worker shortage in the United States.

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  • Christian Gunadi, 2025. "The Unintended Consequence of Stringent Immigration Enforcement on Staffing Levels in Nursing Homes: Evidence from Secure Communities," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 87(2), pages 310-329, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:obuest:v:87:y:2025:i:2:p:310-329
    DOI: 10.1111/obes.12643
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