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Monotonicities in a Markov Chain Model for Valuing Corporate Bonds Subject to Credit Risk

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  • Masaaki Kijima

Abstract

In recent years, it has become common to use a Markov chain model to describe the dynamics of a firm's credit rating as an indicator of the likelihood of default. Such a model can be used not only for describing the dynamics but also for valuing risky discount bonds. The aim of this paper is to explain how the Markov chain model leads to the known empirical findings such that prior rating changes carry predictive power for the direction of future rating changes and a firm with low (high, respectively) credit rating is more likely to be upgraded (downgraded) conditional on survival as the time horizon lengthens. The model will also explain practically plausible statements such as that bond prices as well as credit risk spreads would be ordered according to their credit qualities. Stochastic monotonicities of absorbing Markov chains play a prominent role in these issues.

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  • Masaaki Kijima, 1998. "Monotonicities in a Markov Chain Model for Valuing Corporate Bonds Subject to Credit Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(3), pages 229-247, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:mathfi:v:8:y:1998:i:3:p:229-247
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-9965.00054
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    Cited by:

    1. Wozabal, David & Hochreiter, Ronald, 2012. "A coupled Markov chain approach to credit risk modeling," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 403-415.
    2. Masaaki Kijima & Teruyoshi Suzuki & Keiichi Tanaka, 2009. "A latent process model for the pricing of corporate securities," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 69(3), pages 439-455, July.
    3. Jarrow, Robert A. & Turnbull, Stuart M., 2000. "The intersection of market and credit risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(1-2), pages 271-299, January.
    4. Sanjiv Ranjan Das & Rangarajan K. Sundaram, 1998. "A Direct Approach to Arbitrage-Free Pricing of Derivatives," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 99-013, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-.
    5. Duffie, Darrell, 2005. "Credit risk modeling with affine processes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 2751-2802, November.
    6. Das, Sanjiv Ranjan & Acharya, Viral & Sundaram, Rangarajan K, 2002. "Pricing Credit Derivatives with Rating Transitions," CEPR Discussion Papers 3329, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. David Conaly Martínez Vázquez & Christian Bucio Pacheco & Alejandra Cabello Rosales, 2021. "Proyección Markoviana para 2020 y 2021 de las Calificaciones Corporativas en México," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 16(1), pages 1-21, Enero - M.
    8. Thomas Lagner & Dodozu Knyphausen‐Aufseß, 2012. "Rating Agencies as Gatekeepers to the Capital Market: Practical Implications of 40 Years of Research," Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(3), pages 157-202, August.
    9. Bäuerle Nicole & Schmock Uwe, 2012. "Dependence properties of dynamic credit risk models," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 29(3), pages 243-268, August.
    10. Hideharu Funahashi & Masaaki Kijima, 2016. "Analytical pricing of single barrier options under local volatility models," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(6), pages 867-886, June.
    11. Lapshin, Viktor & Anton, Markov, 2022. "MCMC-based credit rating aggregation algorithm to tackle data insufficiency," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 68, pages 50-72.
    12. Sanjiv Ranjan Das & Rangarajan K. Sundaram, 2000. "A Discrete-Time Approach to Arbitrage-Free Pricing of Credit Derivatives," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 46(1), pages 46-62, January.
    13. Lando, David & Mortensen, Allan, 2004. "On the Pricing of Step-Up Bonds in the European Telecom Sector," Working Papers 2004-9, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Finance.
    14. David Conaly Martínez Vázquez & Christian Bucio Pacheco & Alejandra Cabello Rosales, 2021. "Proyección Markoviana para 2020 y 2021 de las Calificaciones Corporativas en México," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 16(1), pages 1-21, Enero - M.

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